Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A justitia (quasi a quodam fonte) omnia jura emanant
From justice, as from a fountain. all rivhts flow
A terme que passe est
[law french] for a term that has passed.
A terme que west mye encore passe
[law french] for a term that has not yet passed.
Ab assuetis non fit injuria
No injury is done by things long acquiesced in.
Absolute assignee
a person who is assigned an unqualified interest in property in a transfer of some or all of the incidents of ownership.
Absolute assignment
an assignment that leaves the assignor no interest in the assigned property or right.
Accipere quid ut justitiam facias non est tam accipere quam extorquere
To accept anything as a reward for doing justice is rather extorting than accepting.
Accounting Series Release
A bulletin providing the Securities and Exchange Commission's requirements for accounting and auditing procedures to be followed in reports filed with that gency. - Abbr. ASR.
Accrued asset
an asset arising from revenues earned but not yet due.
Acta in uno judicio non probant in alio nisi inter easdem personas
Things done in one action cannot be taken as evidence in another, unless it is between the same parties.
Ad vim majorem vel ad casus fortuitos non tenetur quis, nisi sua culpa intervenerit
No one is held to answer for the effects of superior force or accidents, unless his own fault has contributed.
Adjusted basis
basis increased by capital improvements and decreased by depreciation deductions. "[i]t is well to consider the word 'adjusted' in the term 'adjusted basis.' often, after property is acquired, certain adjustments (increases or decreases to the dollar amount of the original basis) must be made. After these adjustments, the property then has an 'adjusted basis."' michael d. Rose & john c. Chommie, federal income taxation § 6.04, at 300 (3d ed. 1988).
Adjusted cost basis.
Basis resulting from the original cost of an item plus capital additions minus depreciation deductions.
Admeasurement
n. 1. Ascertainment, assignment, or apportionment by a fixed quantity or value, or by certain limits <the ship's admeasurement is based on its crew, engine, and capacity>. 2. A writ obtained for purposes of ascertaining, assigning, or apportioning a fixed quantity or value or to establish limits; esp., a writ available against persons who usurp more than their rightful share of property. - admeasure (ad-mezh-ar), ub.
Admiralitas
n. [Law Latin] 1. Admiralty; an admiralty court. 2. SOCIETAS NAVALIS.
Admitted asset
an asset that by law may be included in evaluating the financial condition of an insurance company. Cf. Nonadmitted asset.
Aequitas agit in personam
Equity acts upon the person.
Aequitas est correctio legis generaliter latae qua parte deficit
Equity is the correction of some part of the law where by reason of its generality it is defective.
Aequitas ignorantiae opitulatur, oscitantiae non item
Equity assists ignorance but not complacency (or carelessness).
Aequitas non facit jus, sed juri auxiliatur
Equity does not create a right, but aids the right.
Aequitas sequitur legem
Equity follows the law.
Aequitas supervacua odit
Equity abhors superfluous things.
Aggravated assault
Criminal assault accompanied by circumstances that make it more severe, such as the use of a deadly weapon, the intent to commit another crime, or the intent to cause serious bodily harm.
Alias
See ALIAS.
Aliquid conceditur ne injuria remaneat ampunita quod alias non concederetur
Something is conceded that otherwise would not be conceded, so that a wrong not remain unpuir ished.
Ambiguis casibus semper praesumitur pro rege
In doubtful cases the presumption is always in favor of the king.
Ambiguitas contra stipulatorem est.
A dubious expression is construed against the party using it.
Ambiguitas verborum latens verifacatione suppletur; nam quod ex facto oritur ambiguum verificatione facti tollitur
A latent ambiguity in wording is resolved by evidence; for whatever ambiguity arises from an extrinsic fact is resolved by extrinsic evidence.
Ambiguitas verborum patens nulla verificatione excluditur.
A patent ambiguity is not removed by extrinsic evidence (or is never helped by averment).
Ambulatoria est voluntas defuncti usque ad vitae supremum exitum.
The will of a decedent is ambulatory (that is, can be altered) until the last moment of life.
Angliae jura in omni casu libertati dant favorem.
The laws of England are favorable in every case to liberty.
Appointive asset
an asset distributed under a power of appointment.
Arkansas rule
secured transactions. The principle that the collateral securing a loan is presumed to be worth at least as much as the loan's balance, and that the creditor has the burden to prove that a sale of the collateral would not satisfy the loan amount. Norton v. National bank of commerce, 398 s.w.2d 538 ark. 1966)
Armas
n. [latin] roman law. 1. Arms;<,pons. 2. Military service.
Articles of association
1. Articles of incorporation. 2. A document - similar to articles of incorporation - that legally creates a nonstock or nonprofit organization.
Articuli super cartas
[law latin "articles upon the charters"] hist. A statute passed in 1300 to confirm and enlarge many particulars of magna carta and the forest charter.
As
[latin] 1. Roman law. A pound weight or a coin weighing a pound, divisible into 12 parts, called unciae. ( as and the multiples of its unciae were used to denote interest rates. See uncia. 2. Roman & ciuil law. A whole inheritance; the whole of an asset.
As is
in the existing condition without modification <the customer bought the car as is>. ( under ucc § 2-316(3)(a), a seller can disclaim all implied warranties by stating that the goods are being sold "as is" or 11 with all faults." generally, a sale of property
As of right
by virtue of a legal entitlement <the case is not one triable to a jury as of right>.
As of.
on; at. ( this is often used to signify the effective legal date of a document, as when the document is backdated or the parties sign at different times <the lease commences as of june 1>.
As per.
in accordance with; per (3). ( this phrase has traditionally been considered a barbarism, per being the preferred form in commercialese <per your request>. But even per can be improved on <as you requested>.
As their interests may appear
see atima.
As-applied challenge
see challenge (1).
As-extracted collateral
see collateral.
As-is warranty.
see warranty (2)
Ascendant
n. One who precedes in lineage, such as a parent or grandparent. -also termed ancestor. - ascendant, adj. Cf. Descendant.
Ascent
the passing of an estate upwards to an heir in the ascending line. Cf. Descent.
Ascriptitius
n. [latin] roman law. An alien who had been registered and naturalized in the colony where the person resided. - also spelled ascripticius.
Ase.
Abbr. American stock exchange.
Ashwander rules
a set of principles outlining the u.s. supreme court's policy of deciding constitutional questions only when necessary, and of avoiding a constitutional question if the case can be decided on the basis of another issue. ( these rules were outlined in justice brandeis's concurring opinion in ashwander u. Tennessee valley authority, 297 u.s. 288, 56 s.ct. 466 (1936). They include the policy that the court should not decide a constitutional question in a friendly suit, should not anticipate a question of constitutional law, should not create a rule of constitutional law that is broader than that called for by the facts of the case, should not decide a constitutional issue if the case can be decided on another ground, should not rule on the constitutionality of a statute unless the plaintiff is harmed by the statute or if the plaintiff has accepted the benefits of the statute, and should not rule on the constitutionality of an act of congress without first analyzing whether the act can be fairly construed in a way that would avoid the constitutional question. - also termed brandeis rules.