Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Authorize
vb. 1. To give legal authority; to empower <he authorized the employee to act for him>. 2. To formally approve; to sanction <the city authorized the construction project. - authorization, n.
Authorized capital
see nominal capital under capital.
Authorized capital stock
see capital stock (1) under stock.
Authorized committee
see special litigation committee.
Authorized shares
see capital stock (1) under stock.
Authorized stock
see capital stock (1) under stock.
Unauthorized
adj. Done without authority; specif. (of a signature or indorsement), made without actual, implied, or apparent authority. UCC § 1-201(43).
authorized stock
See capital stock (1).
unauthorized completion
Commercial law. The act of filling in missing information in a negotiable instrument either without any authority to do so or beyond the authority granted. 9 Unauthorized completion is a personal defense, so it can be raised against any later holder of the instrument who does not have the rights of a holder in due course. See personal defense under DEFENSE (3).
unauthorized indorsement
See INDORSEMENT.
unauthorized indorsement.
An endorsement made without authority, such as a forged indorsement.
unauthorized practice of law
The practice of law by a person, typically a nonlawyer, who has not been licensed or admitted to practice law in a given jurisdiction. - Abbr. UPL. "The definitions and tests employed by courts to delin-, eate unauthorized practice by non-lawyers have been vague or conclusory, while jurisdictions have differed significantly in describing what constitutes unauthorized practice in particular areas. "Certain activities, such as the representation of another person in litigation, are generally proscribed. Even in that area, many jurisdictions recognize exceptions for such matters as small-claims and landlord-tenant tribunals and certain proceedings in administrative agencies. Moreover, many jurisdictions have authorized law students and others not locally admitted to represent indigent persons or others as part of clinical legal education programs. "Controversy has surrounded many out-of-court activities such as advising on estate planning by bank trust officers, advising on estate planning by insurance agents, stock brokers, or benefit-plan and similar consultants, filling out or providing guidance on forms for property transactions by real estate agents, title companies, and closing-service companies, and selling books or individual forms containing instructions on self-help legal services accompanied by personal, non-lawyer assistance on filling them out in connection with legal procedures such as obtaining a marriage dissolution. The position of bar associations has traditionally been that non-lawyer provisions of such services denies the person served the benefit of such legal measures as the attorney-client privilege, the benefits of such extraordinary duties as that of confidentiality of client information and the protection against conflicts of interest, and the protection of such measures as those regulating lawyer trust accounts and requiring lawyers to supervise non-lawyer personnel. Several jurisdictions recognize that many such services can be provided by non-lawyers without significant risk of incompetent service, that actual experience in several states with extensive non-lawyer provision of traditional legal services indicates no significant risk of harm to consumers of such services, that persons in need of legal services may be significantly aided in obtaining assistance at a much lower price than would be entailed by segregating out a portion of a transaction to be handled by a lawyer for a fee, and that many persons can ill afford, and most persons are at least inconvenienced by, the typically higher cost of lawyer services." Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers § 4 curt. c (1998).
unauthorized signature
See SIGNATURE.
unauthorized use of a vehicle
See JOYRIDING.