Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi permanent.
Those captured by pirates or robbers remain free.
A piratis et latronibus capta dominium non mutant.
Things captured by pirates or robbers do not change their ownership.
Archicapellanus
[law latin] hist. A chief or high chancellor. Architect's lien see lien.
Argumentum ad captandum
[latin] an argument appealing to the emotions of a crowd.
Authorized capital
see nominal capital under capital.
Authorized capital stock
see capital stock (1) under stock.
Cap
n. An upper limit, such as a statutory limit on the recovery in a tort action or on the interest a bank can charge. - cap, ub.
Capital
n. 1. Money or assets invested, or available for investment, in a business. 2. The total assets of a business, esp. those that help generate profits. 3. The total amount or value of a corporation's stock; corporate equity. See capital stock under STOCK.
Capital asset
1. A long-term asset used in the operation of a business or used to produce goods or services, such as equipment, land, or an industrial plant. - also termed fixed asset. 2. For income-tax purposes, any of most assets held by a taxpayer except those assets specifically excluded by the internal revenue code. ( excluded from the definition are, among other things, stock in trade, inventory, and property held by the taxpayer primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business.
Capitalis
n. [Latin "chief"] Hist. A principal (or chief) person, object, or judicial proceeding.
Capitalism
n. An economic system that depends on the private ownership of the means of production and on competitive forces to determine what is produced. - capitalist, adj. & n.
Capitalization
n. 1. The act or process of capitalizing or converting something into capital. 2. The amount or sum resulting from this act or process. 3. The total amount of long-term financing used by a business, including stocks, bonds, retained earnings, and other funds. 4. The total par value or stated value of the authorized or outstanding stock of a corporation.
Capitalize
ub. 1. To convert (earnings) into capital. 2. To treat (a cost) as a capital expenditure rather than an ordinary and necessary expense. 3. To determine the present value of (long-term income). 4. To supply capital for (a business).
Capitation
See poll tax under TAX.
Caption
1. The introductory part of a court paper stating the names of the parties, the name of the court, the docket or file number, and the title of the action. Cf. STYLE (1). 2. The arrest or seizure of a person by legal process.
Catallis captis nomine districtionis
[Latin "chattels taken in name of distress"] Hist. A writ permitting a landlord who is owed rent to distrain (i.e., seize) the doors, windows, and gates of the tenant's house
Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
Hist. A court responsible for reviewing state-court decisions concerning British ships captured by American privateers during the War of Independence. ( The Court was established by Congress under the Articles of Confederation and served as the chief U.S. court from 1780 to 1787. It was the first federal court in the United States.
Curiosa et captiosa interpretatio in lege reprobatur
An overnice and captious interpretation in the law is rejected.
Dominus capitalis loco haeredis habetur, quoties per defectum vel delictum extinguitur sanguis sui tenentis
The supreme lord takes the place of the heir, as often as the blood of the tenant is extinct through deficiency or crime.
Escape
n. 1. The act or an instance of breaking free from confinement, restraint, or an obligation. 2. An unlawful departure from legal custody without the use of force. - Also termed actual escape. Cf. PRISON BREACH. "In the technical sense an escape' is an unauthorized departure from legal custody; in a loose sense the word is used to indicate either such an unlawful departure or an avoidance of capture. And while the word is regularly used by the layman in the broader sense it usually is limited to the narrower meaning when used in the law, - although this is not always so." Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 559 (3d ed. 1982).
Excusat aut extenuat delictum in capitalibus, quod non operatur idem in civilibus
That excuses or extenuates a wrong in capital causes which does not have the same effect in civil suits.
Felonia, ex vi termini, significat quodlibet capitale crimen felleo animo perpetratum
Fc lony, by force of the term, signifies any capital crime perpetrated with a malicious intent.
Foeminae non sunt capaces de publicis officiis
Women are not qualified for public offices.
Incapacitation
n. 1. The action of disabling or depriving of legal capacity. 2. The state of being disabled or lacking legal capacity. - incapacitate, vb.
Incapacity
1. Lack of physical or mental capabilities. 2. Lack of ability to have certain legal consequences attach to one's actions. 0 For example, a five-year-old has an incapacity to make a binding contract. 3. DISABILITY (1). 4. DISABILITY (2). Cf. INCOMPETENCY.
Manucaptio
n. [Law Latin] Hist. 1. Surety; security; bail. 2. A writ allowing a person to be admitted to bail, when the person had been arrested for a felony but could not be admitted to bail by the sheriff. See MAINPRISE.
Manucaption
See MAINPRISE.
Manucaptor
See MAINPERNOR.
Necessitas excusat aut extenuat delictum in capitalibus, quod non operatur idem in civilibus
Necessity excuses or extenuates delinquency in capital cases, but does not have the same effect in civil cases.
Nemo ex dolo suo proprio relevetur aut auxilium capiat
Let no one be relieved or gain advantage by his own fraud.
Non videtur quisquam id capere quod ei necesse est alii restituere
A person is not considered to acquire property in a thing that he must restore to another. Dig. 50.17.51.
Noncapital
adj. (Of a crime) not involving or deserving of the death penalty <noncapital murder>.
Noxa caput sequitur
The injury follows the head or person.( Liability to make good an injury caused by a slave attaches to the master. Dig. 2.14.7.4.
Nullus commodum capere potest de injuria sua propria
No one can gain advantage by his own wrong.
Postliminium fingit eum qui captus est semper in civitate fuisse
Postliminy (restoration of rights) imagines that a person who has been captured has never left the state.( A person captured by the enemy, who later returns, is restored to all his former rights. Just. Inst. 1.12.5.
Praescriptio est titulus ex usu et tempore substantiam capiens ab auctoritate legis
Prescription is a title derived from usage and time, given substance by the authority of law. Co. Litt. 113.
Quae ab hostibus capiuntur, statim capientium hunt
Things taken from public enemies immediately become the property of the captors.
Quod non capit Christus, capit ftscus
What Christ (or the church) does not take, the treasury takes.
Recaption
1. At common law, lawful seizure of another's property for a second time to secure the performance of a duty; a second distress. See DISTRESS. 2. Peaceful retaking, without legal process, of one's own property that has been wrongfully taken.
Recapture
n. 1. The act or an instance of retaking or reacquiring; recovery. 2. The lawful taking by the government of earnings or profits exceeding a specified amount; esp., the government's recovery of a tax benefit (such as a deduction or credit) by taxing income or property that no longer qualifies for the benefit. 3. Int'l law. The retaking of a prize or booty so that the property is legally restored to its original owner. See POSTLIMINIUM (2). - recapture, vb.
Sine possessione usucapio procedere non, potent
Without possession, prescription (Roman usucapio) cannot proceed.
Traditionibus et usucapionibus, non nudis pactis, transferuntur rerum dominia
Rights of property are transferred by delivery and by prescription (founded on lengthy possession), not by naked agreements.
Undercapitalization
The financial condition of a firm that does not have enough capital to carry on its business.
Usucapio constituta est ut aliquis litium ftnis esset
Prescription (Roman usucapio) was instituted that there might be some end to lawsuits. Dig. 41.10.5.
Usucaption
n. Civil law. The acquisition of ownership by prescription. -Also termed usucapio (yoo-za-kay-pee-oh); usucapion (yoo-za-kay-pee-on or -an). - usucapt, vb. See PRESCRIPTION (1). "There is no principle in all law which the moderns, in spite 6f its beneficial character, have been so loath to adopt and to carry to its legitimate consequences as that which was known to the Romans as Usucapion, and which has descended to modern jurisprudence under the name of Prescription." Henry S. Maine, Ancient Law 236 (17th ed. 1901).
Waterscape
n. An aqueduct or passage for water. waterway. See WATERCOURSE,
Whitecapping
The criminal act of threatening a person - usu. a member of a minority group - with violence in an effort to compel the person either to move away or to stop engaging in a certain business or occupation. ( White capping statutes were originally enacted to curtail the activities of the Ku Klux Klan.
actual capital
Funds generated by the sale of stock. See authorized stock under STOCK. authorized capital See nominal capital See nominal capital
actual capital.
See CAPITAL.
ad assisas capiendas
[Law Latin] To take assizes; to hold assizes.