Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Accounting Research Bulletin.

A publication containing accounting practices recommended by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. - Abbr. ARB.

Arbitration of exchange

the simultaneous buying and selling of bills of exchange in different international markets, with the hope of profiting from the price difference of the currencies in those markets. See arbitrage; draft (i).

Archaionomia

A latin translation of saxon laws, published in 1568 by william lambarde.

Archdeacon s court

see court of archdeacon.

Archdeaconry

eccles. Law. 1. The circuit of an archdeacon's jurisdiction. 2. The office or rank of an archdeacon.

Archdiaconal court

see court of archdeacon.

Arches court of canterbury

see court of arches.

Archicapellanus

[law latin] hist. A chief or high chancellor. Architect's lien see lien.

Architectural review

see design review.

Architectural work

copyright. The design of a building, as embodied in any tangible medium of expression, including plans and drawings (which are protected as pictorial or graphic works) or the building itself (which is protected, if built after december 1, 1990, under the berne convention).

Articles of impeachment

a formal document alleging the specific charges against a public official and the reasons for removing that official from office. ( it is similar to an indictment in a criminal proceeding. See impeachment.

Articuli magnae chartae

n. [latin] hist. The 49 preliminary articles on which magna carta was founded.

As-applied challenge

see challenge (1).

Asset purchase

see asset acquisition.

Association of american law schools

an organization of law schools that have each graduated at least three annual classes of students. - abbr. Aals.

At bench

see at bar.

Attach

ub. 1. To annex, bind, or fasten <attach the exhibit to the pleading>. 2. To take or seize under legal authority <attach the debtor's assets>. 3. To become attributed; to adhere <jeopardy attaches when the jury is sworn?.

Attache

n. A person who serves as a technical adviser to an embasy.

Attachiamenta bonorum

n. [law latin] hist. A distress taken on goods and chattels by bailiffs, as security to answer an action for debt.

Attachiamentum

n. [law latin] an attachment. Pl. Attachiamenta.

Attaching creditor

see creditor.

Attachment bond

see bond (2).

Attachment lien

see lien

Attachment of earnings

see attachment of wages under attachment (1).

Attachment of risk

the point when the risk of loss of purchased goods passes from the seller to the buyer. Ucc § 2-509.

Attachment of wages

the attachment by a plaintiff of a defendant's earnings as an employee. ( in some jurisdictions, an attachment-of-earnings order requires the defendant's employer to deduct a specified sum from the defendant's wages or salary and to pay the money into court. The court then sends the money to the plaintiff. - also termed attachment of earnings. Cf. Garnishment.

Attachment. 1. The seizing of a person's property to secure a judgment or to be sold in satisfaction of a judgment. - also termed (in civil law) provisional seizure. Cf. Garnishment; sequestration (1)

Avoucher

hist. A tenant's calling upon a warrantor of title to the land to help the tenant defend the title.

Bachelor

1. An unmarried man. 2. The usual title of the first degree that is conferred on a university graduate. 3. English law. A member of one of the orders of chivalry, such as the order of the bath. - also termed (in sense 3) knight bachelor.

Bachelor of laws

see ll.b.

Bad character

a person's predilection toward evil. 0 in limited circumstances, proof of bad character may be introduced into evidence to discredit a witness. Fed. R. Evid. 608, 609. See character evidence under evidence.

Bad check

see check.

Bad-conduct discharge

see discharge (8)

Bailiffs of franchises

hist. Bailiffs who execute writs and perform other duties in privileged districts that are outside the crown's (and therefore the sheriffs) jurisdiction. Cf. Bailiffs-errant. "bailiffs of franchises are those who are appointed by every lord within his liberty, to do such offices therein, as the barlcff errant does at large in the county." Thomas blount, nnrno-lexicon. A lacc-i)"tuonan (1670).

Bait and switch

a sales practice whereby a merchant advertises a low-priced product to lure customers into the store only to induce them to buy a higher-priced product. 0 most states prohibit the bait and switch when the original product is not actually available as advertised. - also termed bait advertising.

Bank charter

see charter

Bareboat charter

see charter (4)

Bargain purchase.

see bargain sale

Barons of the exchequer

hist. The six judges of the court of exchequer. ( after the 1873 transfer of the court's jurisdiction to the high court of justice, the judges were known as justices of the high court. - also termed barones scaccarii. See court of exchequer.

Batson challenge

See challenge

Battered-child syndrome

The medical and psychological condition of a child who has suffered continuing injuries that could not be accidental and are therefore presumed to have been inflicted by someone close to the child.

Bench conference

see sidebar conference (1),

Bench legislation

see judge-made law (2).

Bench memo.

1. A short brief submitted by a lawyer to a trial judge, often at the judge's request. 2. A legal memorandum prepared by an appellate judge's law clerk to help the judge in preparing for oral argument and perhaps in drafting an opinion. 0 a trial-court judge may similarly assign a bench memo to a law clerk, for use in preparing for hearing or trial or in drafting an opinion.

Bench ruling.

An oral ruling issued by a judge from the bench.

Bench trial

See trial.

Bench warrant.

see warrant (1).

Bench.

see inn of court (1)

Bencher.

a governing officer of an english inn of court; one of the masters of the

Benchmark

See BENCHMARK.