Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Battered-child syndrome
The medical and psychological condition of a child who has suffered continuing injuries that could not be accidental and are therefore presumed to have been inflicted by someone close to the child.
Child
1. At common law, a person who has no reached the age of 14, though the age nov varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. 2. A bo] or girl; a young person. 3. A son or daughter. 4 A baby or fetus. See JUVENILE; MINOR.
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
An international convention (established in 1980) that seeks to counteract child-snatching by noncustodici. ;;-rents. a The Hague Convention is a priva . ! legal mechanism available to parents seekhig the return of, or access to, their children. More than 46 countries are parties to the Convention, including the United States, which became a signatory on July 1, 1988.
Stepchild
The child of one's spouse by a previ ous marriage.
Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act
An act, in force in all states, that sets out a standard (based on the child's residence in and connections with the state) by which a state court determines whether it has jurisdiction over a particular child-custody matter or whether it must recognize a custody decree issued by another state's court. - Abbr. UCCJA. Cf. PARENTAL KIDNAPPING PREVENTION ACT.
after-born child
see child.
afterborn child
A child born after execu tion of a will or after the time in which F class gift closes. See after-born heir unde: HEIR. biological child. See natural child (1). child out of wedlock. See illegitimate child
biological child.
See natural child under CHILD.
child abuse
See ABUSE.
child destruction
See FETICIDE.
child endangerment
The placing of a child in a place or position that exposes him or her to danger to life or health.
child molestation
Any indecent or sexual activity on, involving, or surrounding a child, usu. under the age of 14. See Fed. R. Evid. 414(d).
child neglect
The failure of a person responsible for a minor to care for the minor's emotion al or physical needs.
child neglect.
See CHILD NEGLECT.
child out of wedlock
See illegitimate child under CHILD.
child pornography.
See PORNOGRAPHY.
child support
Family law. 1. A parent's legal obligation to contribute to the economic maintenance and education of a child. 0 The obligation is enforceable both civilly and criminally. 2. In a custody or divorce action, the money legally owed by one parent to the other for the expenses incurred for children of the marriage. Cf. ALIMONY.
child's income tax
See kiddie tax under TAX.
child's part
An inheritance that, by statute in some states, a widow may claim in lieu of dower or what she would receive under her husband's will. 0 The amount is the same as the amount that the decedent's child is entitled to receive, subject to payments to estate creditors and the costs of administration.
child- and dependent-care tax credit
A tax credit available to a person who is employed full-time and who maintains a household for a dependent child or a disabled spouse or dependent.
child-care fund
State-government funds set aside to reimburse counties for part of the payments for children's foster care and expenses.
child-care rules
Administrative rules for the care of foster children
child-kidnapping
The kidnapping of a child, often without the element of force or fraud (as when someone walks off with another's baby stroller). - Also termed child-stealing; baby-snatching.
child-labor law
A state or federal statute that protects children by prescribing the necessary working conditions for children in a workplace.
child-sexual-abuse-accommodation syn drome
The medical and psychological condition of a child who has suffered repeated in tances of sexual abuse, usu. from a relative or family friend. - Also termed child-sexual abuse syndrome.
child-slaying
See INFANTICIDE.
child-stealing
See child-kidnapping under KIDNAPPING.
children's court
See juvenile court under COURT.
cruelty to a child
See child abuse under ABUSE.
cruelty to children
See child abuse under ABUSE.
delinquent child
A legal infant who ha either violated criminal laws or engaged it disobedient or indecent conduct, and is it need of treatment, rehabilitation, or supervi sion. See JUVENILE DELINQUENT. disobedient child. See incorrigible child.
disobedient child
See incorrigible child under CHILD.
enticement of a child
Criminal law. The act or offense of inviting, persuading, or attempting to persuade a child to enter a vehicle, building, room, or secluded place with the intent of committing an unlawful sexual act against the child. 2. Hist. The tort of inducing a man's wife to leave him or to remain away from him against his will.
foster child
See CHILD.
foster child.
A child whose care and upbringing are entrusted to an adult other than the child's natural or adoptive parents. -Also termed (archaically) fosterling. See foster parent under PARENT.
illegitimate child
A child that was neither born nor begotten in lawful wedlock nor later legitimized. ( At common law, such a child was considered the child of nobody (nullius falius) and had no name except what was gained by reputation. Being no one's child, an illegitimate child could not inherit, even from the mother, but statutes in most states changed this rule to allow maternal inheritance. - Also termed bastard; child out of wedlock; nonmarital child. Cf. BASTARD.
incorrigible child
A child who refuses to obey his or her parents or guardians or has been adjudicated delinquent under laws governing unruly children. - Also termed disobedient child.
legitimate child
1. At common law, a child born or begotten in lawful wedlock. 2. Modernly, a child born or begotten in lawful wedlock or legitimized by the parents' later marriage.
mantle children
Hist. Children born out of wedlock and later legitimized when their parents married, by standing under a cloak with the parents during the marriage ceremony. "Our law has no need to distinguish between various sorts of illegitimate children. A child is either a legitimate child or a bastard In the sharp controversy over this principle the champion of what we may call the high-church party alleged that old English custom was in accord with the law of the church as defined by Alexander III. Probably there was some truth in this assertion. It is not unlikely that old custom, though it would not have held that the marriage in itself had any retroactive effect, allowed the parents on the occasion of their marriage to legitimate the already existing offspring of their union. The children were placed under the cloak which was spread over their parents during the marriage ceremony, and became 'mantle children.' We hear of this practice in Germany and France and Normandy; but we have here rather an act of adoption than a true legitimation ... and it would not have fully satisfied the church." 2 Frederick Pollock & Frederic W. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward 1397-98 (2d ed. 1899).
natural child
See CHILD.
neglected child
1. A child whose parents or legal custodians are unfit to care for him or her for reasons of cruelty, immorality, or incapacity. 2. A child whose parents or legal custodians refuse to provide the necessary care and medical services for the child. nonmarital child See illegitimate child.
nonmarital child
See illegitimate child under CHILD.
parent-child immunity
See parental immunity under IMMUNITY (2).
posthumous child
A child born after the father's death.quasi posthumous child. Civil law. A child who becomes a direct heir of a grandfather or other male ascendant because of the death of the child's father.
pretermitted child
See pretermitted heir under HEIR.
quasi posthumous child.
Civil law. A child who becomes a direct heir of a grandfather or other male ascendant because of the death of the child's father.
quasi-posthumous child
See CHILD.
such as a child, to reduce tax liability.
See kiddie tax under TAX.
unborn child
See CHILD.