Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Attorney-client privilege.
see privilege (s)
Client
n. A person or entity that employs a professional for advice or help in that professional's line of work. - cliental, adj.
accountant-client privilege
The protection afforded to a client from an accountant's unauthorized disclosure of materials submitted to or prepared by the accountant.
attorney-client privilege
The client's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent any other person from disclosing confidential communications between the client and the attorney. - Also termed lawyer-client privilege; client's privilege. "There are a number of ways to organize the essential elements of the attorney-client privilege to provide for an orderly analysis. One of the most popular is Wigmore's schema: '(1) Where legal advice of any kind is sought (2) from a professional legal adviser in his capacity as such, (3) the communications relating to that purpose (4) made in confidence (5) by the client (6) are at his instance permanently protected (7) from disclosure by himself or by the legal adviser, (8) except the privilege be waived.' Though this organization has its virtues, there is some question as to whether it completely states the modern privilege." 24 Charles Alan Wright & Kenneth W. Graham, Jr., Federal Practice and Procedure § 5473, at 103-04 (1986) (quoting 8 John Henry Wigmore, Evidence § 2292, at 554 (John T. McNaughton rev., 1961). "At the present time it seems most realistic to portray the attorney-client privilege as supported in part by its traditional utilitarian justification, and in part by the integral role it is perceived to play in the adversary system itself. Our system of litigation casts the lawyer in the role of fighter for the party whom he represents. A strong tradition of loyalty attaches to the relationship of attorney and client, and this tradition would be outraged by routine examination of the lawyer as to the client's confidential disclosures regarding professional business. To the extent that the evidentiary privilege, then, is integrally related to an entire code of professional conduct, it is futile to envision drastic curtailment of the privilege without substantial modification of the underlying ethical system to which the privilege is merely ancillary." John W. Strong, McCormick ore Evidence $ 87, at 121-22 (4th ed. 1992).
client security fund
See FUND (1)
client state
A country that is obliged in some degree to share in the control of its external relations with some foreign power or powers. -Also termed satellite state. Cf. SOVEREIGN STATE.
client's privilege
See attorney-client privilege under PRIVILEGE (3).
client-security fund
A fund established usu. by a state or a state bar association to compensate persons for losses that they suffered because of their attorneys' misappropriation of funds or other misconduct.
clientela
[Latin] Roman law. 1. Clientship; the relationship between a cliens and a patron. 2. A person's dependents.
lawyer-client privilege
See attorney-client privilege under PRIVILEGE (3).
physician-client privilege
See doctor patient privilege under PRIVILEGE (3).
psychotherapist-client privilege
See psychotherapist-patient privilege under PRIVILEGE (3).