Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.

Closed

adj. 1. (Of a class or organization) confined to a limited number <a closed mass-tort class> <nonunion workers were excluded from the closed shop>. 2. (Of a proceeding or gathering) conducted in secrecy <a closed hearing> <a closed shareholders' meeting>.

closed account

An account that no further credits or debits may be added to but that remains open for adjustment or setoff.

closed corporation

See close corporation under CORPORATION.

closed court

Hist. The English Court of Common Pleas, open only to serjeants-at-law. 0 The monopoly of the serjeants-at-law was abolished in 1845.

closed insurance contract

See closed policy under INSURANCE POLICY.

closed mortgage

See MORTGAGE.

closed policy

An insurance policy whose terms cannot be changed. ( A fraternal benefit society is not permitted to write closed policies. - Also termed closed insurance contract.

closed session

See SESSION.

closed session.

1. A session to which parties not directly involved are not admitted. 2. Military law A period during a court-martial when the members (or the judge, if trial is before a military judge) deliberate alone. -Also termed closed court

closed shop

See SHOP.

closed testament

See mystic will under WILL.

closed transaction

See TRANSACTION.

closed transaction. Tax

A transaction in which an amount realized on a sale can be established for the purpose of stating a gain or loss.

closed union

A union with restrictive membership requirements, such as high dues andlong apprenticeship periods. Cf. closed shop under SHOP.

closed union.

See UNION,

closed will

See mystic will.

closed-end fund

See MUTUAL FUND.

closed-end mortgage

See MORTGAGE.

closed-end mortgage bond

A mortgage bond with provisions prohibiting the debtor from issuing additional bonds against the bond's collateral.

closed-shop contract

A labor agreement requiring an employer to hire and retain only union members and to discharge nonunion members.

disclosed principal

A principal whose identity is revealed by the agent to a third party. o A disclosed principal is always liable on a contract entered into by the agent with the principal's authority, but the agent is usu. not liable.

enclosed land

Land that is actually enclosed and surrounded with fences.

enclosed please find

See TRANSMITTAL LETTER.

open-shop-closed-shop operation

See DOUBLE-BREASTED OPERATION.

partially disclosed principal

See PRINCIPAL (1).

undisclosed agency

an agency relationship in which an agent deals with a third party who has no knowledge that the agent is acting on a principal's behalf. 9 the fact that the agency is undisclosed does not prohibit the third party from seeking redress from the principal or the agent.

undisclosed principal

See PRINCIPAL (1)