Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Concurrent
adj. 1. Operating at the same time; covering the same matters <concurrent interests. 2. Having authority on the same matters <concurrent jurisdiction>.
concurrent cause
See CAUSE
concurrent cause.
1. One of two or more causes that simultaneously create a condition that no single cause could have brought about. 2. One of two or more causes that simultaneously create a condition that any one cause could have created alone.
concurrent condition
A condition that must occur or be performed at the same time as another condition, the performance by each party separately operating as a condition precedent; a condition that is mutually dependent on another, arising when the parties to a contract agree to exchange performances simultaneously. - Also termed condition concurrent"Conditions concurrent are acts that the parties to a contract are under duties of performing concurrently, the act of each party being separately operative as a condition precedent. The act is not concurrent with the legal relation affected, but only with the act of the other party." William R. Anson, Principles of the Law of Contract 412-13 (Arthur L. Corbin ed., 3d Am. ed. 1919).
concurrent consideration
Consideration arising at the same time as other consideration, or where the promises are simultaneous.
concurrent covenant
A covenant that requires performance by one party at the same time as another's performance.
concurrent estate
Ownership or possession of property by two or more persons at the same time. ( In modern practice, there are three types of concurrent estates: tenancy in common, joint tenancy, and tenancy by the entirety. - Also termed concurrent interest. "A concurrent estate is simply an estate - whether present or future, defeasible or non-defeasible, in fee simple, in tail, for life, or for years - that is owned by two or more .persons at the same time. ( transfers 'to A and B and their heirs.' A and B own a present concurrent estate in fee simple absolute." Thomas F. Bergin & Paul G. Haskell, Preface to Estates in Land and Future Interests 53 (2d ed. 1984).
concurrent finding
See FINDING OF FACT.
concurrent interest
See concurrent estate under ESTATE (4).
concurrent jurisdiction
1 Jurisdiction exercised simultaneously by more than one court over the same subject matter and within the same territory, with the litigant having the right to choose the court in which to file the action. 2. Jurisdiction shared by two or more states, esp. over the physical boundaries (such as rivers or other bodies of water) between them. - Also termed coordinate jurisdiction; overlapping jurisdiction. Cf. exclusive jurisdiction "In several cases, two States divided by a river exercise concurrent jurisdiction over the river, no matter where the inter-state boundary may be; in some cases by the Ordinance of 1787 for organizing Territories northwest of the Ohio River, in some cases by Acts of Congress organizing Territories or admitting States, and in some cases by agreements between the States concerned." 1 Joseph H. Beale, A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws ยง 44.3, at 279 (1935).
concurrent lease
A lease that begins before a previous lease ends, entitling the new lessee to be paid all rents that accrue on the previous lease after the new lease begins, and to appropriate remedies against the holding tenant. "A landlord who has granted a lease may nevertheless grant another lease of the same land for all or some of the period of the first lease. The second lease does not deprive the lessee under the first lease of the right to possession of the property, but is, in reality, a lease of the reversion. Because the two leases operate concurrently during at least some part of their respective durations, they are known as 'concurrent leases'." Peter Butt, Land Law 233 (2d ed. 1988).
concurrent lien
One of two or more liens of equal priority attaching to the same property.
concurrent negligence
See NEGLIGENCE,
concurrent policy
One of two or more insurance policies that cover the same risk. Concurrent insurance policies are stated in almost identical terms so that liability can be apportioned between the insurers.
concurrent power
See POWER.
concurrent remedy
One of two or more legal actions available to redress a wrong.
concurrent resolution
See RESOLUTION (1).
concurrent sentences
Two or more sentences of jail time to be served simultaneously. * For example, if a defendant receives concurrent sentences of 5 years and 15 years, the total amount of jail time is 15 years.
concurrent tortfeasors
See TORTFEASOR.
concurrent writ
A duplicate of an original writ (esp. a summons), issued either at the same time as the original writ or at any time while the original writ is valid.
concurrent-sentence doctrine
The principle that an appellate court affirming a conviction and sentence need not hear a challenge to a conviction on another count if the conviction on the other count carries a sentence that is equal to or less than the affirmed conviction.
condition concurrent
See concurrent condi. tion under CONDITION (2).