Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Bad-conduct discharge

see discharge (8)

Conduct

n. Personal behavior, whether by action or inaction; the manner in which a person behaves. - conduct, vb."The word 'conduct' ... covers both acts and omissions .... In cases in which a man is able to show that his conduct, whether in the form of action or of inaction, was involuntary, he must not be held liable for any harmful result produced by it ...." J.W. Cecil Turner, Kenny's Outlines of Criminal Law 13 n.2, 24 (16th ed. 1952).

Conductor

[Latin "one who hires"] Roman law. 1. A person who leases property or hires the services of another. 2. A person who engages himself to make a specific work.

Model Rules of Professional Conduct.

A set of ethical guidelines for lawyers, organized in the form of 52 rules - some mandatory, some discretionary - together with explanatory comments. ( Published by the ABA in 1983, these rules have generally replaced the Model Code of Professional Responsibility and have been adopted as law by many states.

Reconduction

n. 1. Civil law. The renewal of a lease. - Also termed relocation. Cf. TACIT RELOCATION. 2. Int'L law. The forcible return of aliens (esp. illegal aliens, destitute or diseased aliens, or alien criminals who have served their punishment) to their country of origin. - Also termed (in sense 2) renvoi. - reconduct, vb.

actio conducti

[Latin "action for the thing hired"] Roman law. An action that a hirer of a thing (the conductor) might have against a lessor. Cf. actio locati.

actio ex conducto

affirmative misconduct

see misconduct.

affirmative misconduct.

1. An affirmative act of misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact; intentional wrongful behavior. ( Some courts hold that there must be an ongoing pattern of misrepresentation or false promises, as opposed to an isolated act of providing misinformation. 2. With respect to a claim of estoppel against the federal government, a misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact by a government employee -beyond a merely innocent or negligent misrepresentation.

anticompetitive conduct

antitrust. an act that harms or seeks to harm the market or the process of competition among businesses, and that has no legitimate business purpose. antideficiency legislation see legislation.

assertive conduct

Evidence. Nonverbal behavior that is intended to be a statement, such as pointing one's finger to identify a suspect in a police lineup. * Assertive conduct is a statement under the hearsay rule, and thus it is not admissible (unless a hearsay exception applies). Fed. R. Evid. 801(a)(2). -Also termed implied assertion.

bad-conduct discharge

A punitive discharge that a court-martial can give a member of the military, usu. as punishment for repeated minor offenses. - Abbr. BCD.

code of conduct

A written set of rules governing the behavior of specified groups, such as lawyers, government employees, or corporate employees.

conductio

[Latin "a hiring"] Roman law. The act of hiring or leasing, usu. of property or services. See LOCATIO-CONDUCTIO.

conductor operarum

[Latin "a hirer of labor"] Roman law. A person who engages another to perform specified work for another at a stated price; a contractor.

conductus

[fr. Latin conducere "hired"] Roman law. A person or thing hired by a conductor.

contumacious conduct

A willful disobedience of a court order. See CONTUMACY.

de salvo conductu

[Law Latin "of safe conduct"] A writ of safe conduct.

disorderly conduct

Behavior that tends to disturb the public peace, offend public morals, or undermine safety. See BREACH of THE PEACE.

disruptive conduct

See CONDUCT.

disruptive conduct.

Disorderly conduct in the context of a governmental proceeding. See CONTEMPT.

estoppel by conduct

See equitable estoppel.

good conduct

which can reduce the duration of the prisoner's sentence. Cf. GOOD BEHAVIOR; EARNED TIME.

juror misconduct

A juror's violation of the court's charge or the law, committed eitherduring trial or in deliberations after trial, such as (1) communicating with outsiders, witnesses, attorneys, bailiffs, or judges about the case, (2) bringing into the jury room information about the case but not in evidence, and (3) conducting experiments regarding theories of the case outside the court's presence.

letters of safe conduct

Hist. Formal written permission from the English sovereign to a citizen of a nation at war with England, permitting that person to travel and ship goods, to England or on the high seas, without risk of seizure. ( Passports or licenses from foreign ambassadors now may serve the same purpose. See SAFE CONDUCT.

locatio conduction

n. [Latin] A letting for hire. ( This is one of three types of contract for permissive use, the other two being commodatum and mutuum.

malconduct in office

See official misconduct under MISCONDUCT.

misconduct

1. A dereliction of duty; unlawful or improper behavior.

nonassertive conduct

Evidence. Nonverbal behavior that is not intended to be a statement, such as fainting while being questioned as a suspect by a police officer. 0 Nonassertive conduct is not a statement under the hearsay rule, and thus it is admissible. Fed. R. Evid. 801.

official misconduct.

A public officer's corrupt violation of assigned duties by malfeasance, misfeasance, or nonfeasance. - Also termed misconduct in office; misbehavior in office; malconduct in office; misdemeanor in office; corruption in office; official corruption.wanton misconduct. An act, or a failure to act when there is a duty to do so, in reckless disregard of another's rights, coupled with the knowledge that injury will probably result. - Also termed wanton and reckless misconduct.

outrage, n. See INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EvI0TIONAL DISTRESS. outrageous conduct

See CONDUCT.

outrageous conduct

Conduct so extreme that it exceeds all reasonable bounds of human decency. See EMOTIONAL DISTRESS.

prosecutorial misconduct

A prosecutor's improper or illegal act (or failure to act), esp. involving an attempt to persuade the jury to wrongly convict a defendant or assess an unjustified punishment. ( If prosecutorial misconduct results in a mistrial, a later prosecution may be barred under the Double Jeopardy Clause.

safe-conduct

Int'Z law. 1. A privilege granted by a belligerent allowing an enemy, a neutral, or some other person to travel within or through a designated area for a specified purpose. 2. A document conveying this privilege. "Safe-conduct .... The grantee is inviolable so long as he complies with the conditions imposed on him or necessitated by the circumstances of the case. Unless stated, a safe-conduct does not cover goods or luggage. They may be given also for ships and for goods. To be effective under international law the grant must have been arranged between belligerents." David M. Walker, The Oxford Companion to Law 1098 (1980).

salvo conductu

See DE SALVO CONDUCTU.

serious and willful misconduct

Workers' compensation. An intentional act performed with the knowledge that it is likely to result in serious injury or with a wanton and reckless disregard of its probable consequences.

sub salvo et securo conductu

[Law Latin] Hist. Under safe and secure conduct. & This phrase was used in writs of habeas corpus. subscribed capital See CAPITAL.

unprofessional conduct

Behavior that is immoral, unethical, or dishonorable, either generally or when judged by the standards of the actor's profession.

wanton and reckless misconduct

See wanton misconduct under MISCONDUCT.

wanton misconduct

See MISCONDUCT

willful and wanton misconduct.

Conduct committed with an intentional or reckless disregard for the safety of others, as by failing to exercise ordinary care to prevent a known danger or to discover a danger. - Also termed willful indifference to the safety of others.

willful misconduct

Misconduct committed voluntarily and intentionally. "This term of art [willful misconduct] has defied definition, but it is clear that it means something more than negligence. Two classic examples of misconduct which will defeat the seaman's claim are intoxication and venereal disease." Frank L. Maraist, Admiralty in a Nutshell 185-86 (3d ed. 1996). 2. An attorney's dishonesty or attempt to persuade a court or jury by using deceptive or reprehensible methods.

willful misconduct of employee

The deliberate disregard by an employee of the employer's interests, including its work rules and standards of conduct, justifying a denial of unemployment compensation if the employee is terminated for the misconduct.

wrongful conduct

An act taken in violation of a legal duty; an act that unjustly infringes on another's rights. - Also termed wrongful act.