Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Bathtub conspiracy
see intra-enterprise con. Spiracy under conspiracy.
Conspiracy
n. An agreement by two or more persons to commit an unlawful act; a combination for an unlawful purpose. 0 In criminal law, conspiracy is a separate offense from the crime that is the object of the conspiracy. - Also termed criminal conspiracy. - conspiratorial, adj. Cf. ATTEMPT (2); SOLICITATION (2)."Conspiracie (conspiratio) though both in Latine and French it be used for an agreement of men, to doe any thing either good or bad: yet in our lawyers bookes, it is alway taken in the evill part." John Cowell, The Interpreter (1607).
bathtub conspiracy
See intra-enterprise conspiracy.
chain conspiracy
single conspiracy in which each person is responsible for a distinct act within the overall plan, such as an agreement to produce, import, and distribute narcotics in which each person acts only at one function. ( All participants are interested in the overall scheme and liable for all other participants' acts in furtherance of that scheme. "In a 'chain' conspiracy, the court looks to whether the parties serve as links in a chain. In Blumenthal u. United States (1947), the Supreme Court found that the parties had agreed to sell liquor at prices exceeding the ceiling set by regulations of the Office of Price Administration. The Court found that the agreements were steps in theformulation of one larger general conspiracy. By reason of all having knowledge of the plan's general scope and common end, the disposing of whiskey, they could be drawn together in a single conspiracy." Ellen S. Podgor & Jerold H. Israel, White Collar Crime in a Nutshell 52 (2d ed. 1997).
circle conspiracy
See wheel conspiracy.
civil conspiracy
An agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act that causes damage to a person or property.
conspiracy in restraint of trade
See RESTRAINT OF TRADE.
criminal conspiracy
See CONSPIRACY.
hub-and-spoke conspiracy
See wheel conspiracy.
hub-and-spoke conspiracy.
See wheel conspiracy under CONSPIRACY.
intra-enterprise conspiracy
Antitrust. A conspiracy existing between two subsidiaries, divisions, or other parts of the same firm. -Also termed bathtub conspiracy.
seditious conspiracy
A criminal conspiracy to forcibly (1) overthrow or destroy the U.S. government, (2) oppose its authority, (3) prevent the execution of its laws, or (4) seize or possess its property. 18 USCA ยง 2384.
seditious conspiracy.
See CONSPIRACY.
wheel conspiracy
A conspiracy in which a single member or group (the "hub") separately agrees with two or more other members or groups (the "spokes"). ( The person or group at the hub is the only part liable for all the conspiracies. - Also termed circle conspiracy; hub-and-spoke conspiracy.
writ of conspiracy
Hist. A writ against one who conspired to injure the plaintiff, esp. by indicting the plaintiff for treason or felony. Under common law, all other circumstances of conspiracy were actions on the case.