Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Corner
n. 1. The common end of two survey lines; an angle made by two boundary lines.
cornering the market
The act or process of acquiring ownership or control of a large portion of the available supply of a commodity or security, permitting manipulation of the commodity's or security's price.
eight-corners rule
Insurance. The principle that a liability insurer's duty to defend its insured - generally triggered if the plaintiff's claims against the insured are within the policy's coverage - is assessed by reviewing the claims asserted in the plaintiffs complaint, without reference to matters outside the four corners of the complaint plus the four corners of the policy. - Also termed allegations-of-theeomplaint rule. Cf. FOUR-CORNERS RULE.
existent corner
A corner whose location can be verified by an original landmark, a surveyor's field notes, or other reliable evidence.
four corners
The face of a written instrument.The phrase derives from the ancient custom of putting all instruments (such as contracts) on a single sheet of parchment, as opposed to multiple pages, no matter how long the sheet might be. At common law, this custom prevented people from fraudulently inserting materials into a fully signed agreement. The requirement was that every contract could have only four corners.
four-corners rule
1. The principle that a document's meaning is to be gathered from the entire document and not from its isolated parts. 2. The principle that no extraneous evidence should be used to interpret an unambiguous document. Cf. PAROL-EVIDENCE RULE.
lines and corners
See METES AND BOUNDS.
lost corner
A point in a land description, such as a landmark or natural object, whose position cannot be reasonably determined from traces of the original marks or other acceptable evidence. ( The location can be determined by reference to one or more independent points remaining in the description.
obliterated corner
A corner that can be located only with evidence other than that put in place by the original surveyor.2. The acquisition of control over all or a dominant quantity of a commodity with the purpose of artificially enhancing the price, carried out by purchases and sales of the commodity - and of options and futures - in a way that depresses the market price so that the participants are enabled to purchase the commodity at satisfactory prices and withhold it from the market for a time, thereby inflating its price. ( A corner accomplished by confederation, with the purpose of raising or depressing prices and operating on the market, is a criminal conspiracy if the means are unlawful.