Dictionary Search: "Counter" - Pakistan Law Portal

Bean counter.

slang. A person who makes decisions using numerical calculations; esp., an accountant.

Counter

Hist. An advocate or professional pleader; one who counts (i.e., orally recites) for a client. ( Counters had coalesced into an identifiable group practicing before the Common Bench by the beginning of the 13th century. They were the leaders of the medieval legal profession, and over time came to be known as serjeants at law. - Also spelled countor; contor; counteur. See SERJEANT AT LAW.

Counteraction

See COUNTERCLAIM.

Counteraffidavit

See AFFIDAVIT.

Counterbond

See BOND (2).

Counterclaim

See COUNTERCLAIM. cross-claim. See CROSS-CLAIM.

Counterdeed

A secret deed, executed either before a notary or under a private seal, that voids, invalidates, or alters a public deed.

Counterfeisance

Archaic. The act of counterfeiting.

Counterfeit

vb. To forge, copy, or imitate (something) without a right to do so and with the purpose of deceiving or defrauding; esp., to manufacture fake money (or other security) that might be used in place of the genuine article. o Manufacturing fake food stamps is considered counterfeiting. - counterfeit, n. - counterfeit, adj. "Literally a counterfeit is an imitation intended to pass for an original. Hence it is spurious or false, and to counterfeit is to make false. For this reason the verbs counterfeit and forge are often employed as synonyms and the same is true to some extent of the corresponding nouns. No error is involved in this usage but it is important to distinguish between the words as far as possible when used as the labels of criminal offenses. In the most restricted sense, [c]ounterfeiting is the unlawful making of false money in the similitude of the genuine. At one time under English statutes it was made treason. Under modern statutes it is a felony." Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 431-32 (3d ed. 1982).

Counterfeiter

A person who makes an unauthorized imitation of something (esp. a document, currency, or another's signature) with the intent to deceive or defraud.

Counterfoil

n. A detachable part of a writing on which the particulars of the main part are summarized. ( The most common example is a check stub, on which the date, the payee, and the amount are typically noted.

Counterletter

Civil law. A document by which a record owner of real property acknowledges that another actually owns the property. Counterletters are used when the property is to be reconveyed after a period. See simzdated contract under CONTRACT.

Countermand

n. An action that has the effect of voiding something previously ordered; a revocation. -- countermand (kown-tar-mand or kown-), ub.

Counteroffer

n. Contracts. An offeree's new offer that varies the terms of the original offer and that therefore rejects the original offer. -counteroffer, ub. - counterofferor, n. See MIRROR-IMAGE RULE.

Counterpart

1 In conveyancing, a corresponding part of an instrument <the other half of the indenture - the counterpart - could not be found>. 2. One of two or more copies or duplicates of a legal instrument <this lease may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which is considered an original>. "Formerly 'part' was used as the opposite of 'counterpart,' in respect to covenants executed in duplicate, but now each copy is called a 'counterpart.' " 2 Stewart Rapalje & Robert L. Lawrence, A Dictionary of American and English Law 927 (1883).

Counterpromise

n. A promise made in exchange for another party's promise <a promise supported by a counterpromise is binding in its inception>. - counterpromise, vb.

Countersign

vb. To write one's own name next to someone else's to verify the other signer's identity. - countersignature, n .

Countertrade

A type of international trade in which purchases made by an importing nation are linked to offsetting purchases made by the exporting nation. "Countertrade is barter in modern clothes. It developed rapidly as a form of doing business with the USSR and Eastern European nations in the 1970s and 1980s, before the major economic and political reforms tended to diminish its emphasis as a means of doing business." Ralph H. Folsom & Michael W. Gordon, International Business Transactions § 2.1, at 46 (1995).

Reencounter

A hostile meeting or contest; a battle or combat. - Also spelled rencontre (ren-kon-tar).

compulsory counterclaim

A counterclaim that must be asserted to be cognizable, usu. because it relates to the opposing party's claim and arises out of the same subject matter. o If a defendant fails to assert a compulsory counterclaim in the original action, that claim may not be brought in a later, separate action (with some exceptions).

counter will

See mutual will.

counter-roll

Hist. A record kept by an officer as a check on another officer's record, esp. the rolls maintained by a sheriff and a coroner.

counteraffidavit

An affidavit made to contradict and oppose another affidavit.

counterbond.

A bond to indemnify a surety.

counterpart writ

A copy of an original writ, to be sent to a court in another county when a defendant resides in, or is found in, that county.

countervailable subsidy

A foreign government's .subsidy on the manufacture of goods exported to another country, giving rise to the importing country's entitlement to impose a countervailing duty on the goods if their import caused or threatens to cause material injury to domestic industry. See countervailing duty under DUTY (4).

countervailing duty

A duty that protects domestic industry by offsetting subsidies given by foreign governments to manufacturers of imported goods.

countervailing equity

See EQUITY

over-the-counter

adj. 1. Not listed or traded on an organized securities exchange; traded between buyers and sellers who negotiate directly <over-the-counter stocks>. 2. (Of drugs) sold legally without a doctor's prescription < over-the-counter cough medicine>. - Abbr. OTC.

over-the-counter market

The market for securities that are not traded on an organized exchange. ( Over-the-counter (OTC) trading usu. occurs through telephone or computer negotiations between buyers and sellers. Many of the more actively traded OTC stocks are listed on NASDAQ. - Abbr. OTC market.

permissive counterclaim