Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Direct

ub. 1. To aim (something or someone). 2. To cause (something or someone) to move on a particular course. 3. To guide (something or someone); to govern. 4. To instruct (someone) with authority. 5. To address (something or someone).

Director of Public Prosecutions

An officer (usu. a barrister or solicitor of ten years' standing) who advises the police and prosecutes criminal cases in England and Wales under the supervision of the Attorney General.

Director of the Mint

An officer appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, to control and manage the U.S. Mint and its branches.

Directory

n. 1. A book containing an alphabetical list of names, addresses, and telephone numbers, esp. those of a city's or area's residents and businesses. 2. Any organization's publication containing information on its members or business, such as a legal directory. 3. Eccles. law. A church's book of directions for conducting worship. (One of the primary directories is the Directory for the Public Worship of God, prepared by the Assembly of Divines in England in 1644 to take the place of the Book of Common Prayer that had been abolished by Parliament. It was ratified by Parliament in 1645 and adopted by the Scottish Parliament and General Assembly of the Church of Scotland that same year. A directory in the Roman Catholic Church contains instructions for saying the mass and offices each day of the year. 4. A small governing body; specif, the five-member executive body that governed France from 1795-1799 during the French Revolution until it was overthrown by Napoleon and succeeded by the consulate.

Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory

A series of books, published annually, containing a roster of lawyers and law firms in most cities of the United States, corporate legal departments, government lawyers, foreign lawyers, and lawyer-support providers, as well as a digest of the laws of the states, the District of Columbia, and territories of the United States, and a digest of the laws of many foreign jurisdictions, including Canada and its provinces.

Multa conceduntur per obliquum quae non conceduntur de directo

Many things are conceded indirectly that are not allowed directly.

Nemo potest facere per obliquum quod non potest facere per directum

No one can do indirectly what he cannot do directly.

Nondirection

The failure of a judge to properly instruct a jury on a necessary point of law.

Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum

When anything is prohibited directly, it is also prohibited indirectly.

Ubi non est directs lex, standum est arbitrio judicis, vel procedendum ad similia

Where there is not direct law, one must rely on the judgment of the judge or refer to similar cases.

actio commodati directa

An action by a lender against a borrower for restitution for an item gratuitously lent to another.

actio depositi directa

An action that a depositor has against a depositary for the return of the deposited item.

actio directa

1. An action founded on strict law and conducted according to fixed forms; an action based on clearly defined obligations actionable at law. 2. A direct action, as opposed to a counterclaim (actio contrario). Cf. actio utilis.

advance directive

a durable power of attorney that takes effect upon one's incompetency and designates a surrogate decision-maker for healthcare matters. see power of attorney. 2. a legal document explaining one's wishes about medical treatment if one becomes incompetent or unable to communicate. - also termed medical directive; physician's directive; written directive. cf. living will.

affiliated director

See outside director.

board of directors.

1. The governing body of a corporation, elected by the shareholders to establish corporate policy, appoint executive officers, and make major business and financial decisions. - Also termed (esp. in charitable organizations) board of trustees. See DIRECTOR.

class director

See DIRECTOR.

direct

adj. 1. (Of a thing) straight; undeviating <a direct line>. 2. (Of a thing or a person) straightforward <a direct manner> <direct instructions>. 3. Free from extraneous influence; immediate <direct injury>. 4. Of or relating to passing in a straight line of descent, as distinguished from a collateral line <a direct descendant> <a direct ancestor>. 5. (Of a political action) effected by the public immediately, not through representatives <direct resolution> <direct nomination>.

direct action

1. A lawsuit by an insured against his or her own insurance company rather than against the tortfeasor and the tortfeasor's insurer. 2. A lawsuit by a person claiming against an insured but suing the insurer directly instead of pursuing compensation indirectly through the insured. 3. A lawsuit to enforce a shareholder's rights against a corporation. Cf. DERIVATIVE ACTION (1).

direct action.

See DIRECT ACTION.

direct affinity

See AFFINITY.

direct affinity.

the relationship of a spouse to the other spouse's blood relatives. 0 an example is a wife and her husband's brother.

direct and proximate cause

See proximate cause.

direct appeal

an appeal from a trial court's decision directly to the jurisdiction's highest court, thus bypassing review by an intermediate appellate court. & such an appeal may be authorized, for example, when the case involves the constitutionality of a state law.

direct attack.

An attack on a judgment made in the same proceeding as the one in which the judgment was entered. 0 Examples of direct attacks are appeals and motions for new trial. Cf. COLLATERAL ATTACK.

direct beneficiary

See intended beneficiary under BENEFICIARY.

direct cause

See proximate cause.

direct charge-off accounting method

See ACCOUNTING METHOD.

direct confession

A statement in which an accused person acknowledges having committed the crime.

direct contempt

Contempt that is committed in open court, as when a lawyer insults a judge on the bench.

direct conversion

The act of appropriating the property of another to one's own benefit, or to the benefit of another. ( A direct conversion is per se unlawful, and the traditional requirements of demand and refusal of the property do not apply.

direct cost

The amount of money for material, labor, and overhead to produce a product.

direct damages

See general damages.

direct deposit

The payment of wages by transferring the payment directly into the employee's bank account, usu. by electronic transfer.

direct economic loss

Economic loss flowing directly from insufficient product quality. The most common type is loss-of-bargain damages - the difference between the actual value of goods accepted and the value they would have had if they had been delivered as promised or warranted.

direct estoppel

See COLLATEIT.ESTOPPEL

direct evidence

1. Evidence that is based on personal knowledge or observation and that, if true, proves a fact without inference or presumption. - Also termed positive evidence. Cf. circumstantial evidence; negative evidence. 2. See original evidence (1). "A little reflection shows that no disputed case will ordinarily be proved solely by circumstantial or solely by testimonial evidence. Ordinarily there is evidence of both kinds. The matter has been obscured by the use of the term 'direct evidence,' - a term sometimes used to mean testimonial evidence in general, but sometimes also limited to apply only to testimony directly asserting the fact-in-issue .... The term 'direct' evidence has no utility." John H. Wigmore, A Students' Textbook of the Law of Evidence 40 (1935).

direct examination

The first questioning of a witness in a trial or other proceeding, conducted by the party who called the witness to testify. - Often shortened to direct. - Al•(, termed examination-in-chief. Cf, CROSS-EXAMINATION; REDIRECT EXAMINATIU'

direct financing

See FINANCY.,

direct infringement

Patents. The act of making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing into the United States, without the patent owner's permission, a product that is covered by the claims of a valid patent. 35 USCA § 271(a). Cf. contributory infringement; infringement in the inducement.

direct injury

See INJURY

direct interest

A certain, absolute interest <the juror was disqualified because she had a direct interest in the lawsuit>.

direct line

direct loss

A loss that results immediately and proximately from an event. Cf. consequential loss.

direct loss.

See Loss-.

direct notice

Actual notice of a fact that is brought directly to a party's attention. -Also termed positive notice.

direct order of alienation

Real estate. The principle that a grantee who assumes the debt on a mortgaged property is required to pay the mortgage debt if the original mortgagor defaults.

direct payment

See PAYMENT.

direct placement

1. The sale by a company, such as an industrial or utility company, of an entire issue of securities directly to a lender (such as an insurance company or group of investors), instead of through an underwriter. This type of offering is exempt from SEC filing requirements. 2. PRIVATE PLACEMENT (1).

direct possession

See immediate possession.