Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Codex Repetitae Praelectionis
[Latin "code of the resumed reading"] Roman law. A revised version of the Justinian Code, published in A.D. 534. ( This code is divided into 12 books, and deals with ecclesiastical law, criminal law, administrative law, and private law. - Also termed Codex lustinianus Repetitae Praelectionis. See JUSTINIAN CODE.
Consecratio est periodus electionis
electio est praeambula consecrationis. Consecration is the termination of election; election is the preamble of consecration.
Election
estoppel by. See estoppel by election under ESTOPPEL.
Electiones lant rite et libere sine interruptione aliqua
Let elections be made in due form and freely, without any interruption.
Globe election.
Labor law. The procedure by which a group of employees is given the opportunity to decide whether to be represented as a distinct group or to be represented as a part of a larger, existing unit. Globe Machine & Stamping Co., 3 NLRB 294 (1937). - Also termed self-determination election.
Quod semel placuit in electione, amplius displicere non potest
That which in making his election a man has once decided, he cannot afterwards disavow.
by-election
An election specially held to fill a vacant post. - Also spelled bye-election. Cf. general election.
certificate of election
A document issued by a governor, board of elections, or other competent authority certifying that the named person has been duly elected.
election at large
An election in which a public official is selected from a major election district rather than from a subdivision of the larger unit. - Also termed at-large election.
election board
1. A board of inspectors or commissioners appointed in each election precinct to determine voter qualification, to supervise the polling, and often to ascertain and report the results. 2. A local agency charged with the conduct of elections. election by spouse. See RIGHT OF ELECTION
election contest.
A challenge by an election's loser against the winner, calling for an analysis of the election returns, which may include reviewing voter qualifications or re-counting the ballots.
election district
A subdivision of a state, county, or city that is established to facilitate an election or to elect governmental representatives for that subdivision.
election dower
A name sometimes given to a law specifying a widow's statutory share of her deceased husband's estate if she chooses to reject her share under a will. See RIGHT OF ELECTION.
election fraud
See ELECTION FRAUD.
election judge
1. A person appointed to supervise an election at the precinct level; a local representative of an election board. 2. English law. One of two puisne judges of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court selected to try election petitions.
election of remedies
1. A claimant's act of choosing between two or more concurrent but inconsistent remedies based on a single set of facts. 2. The affirmative defense barring a litigant from pursuing a remedy inconsistent with another remedy already pursued, when that other remedy has given the litigant an advantage over, or has damaged, the opposing party. This doctrine has largely fallen into disrepute and is now rarely applied. 3. The affirmative defense that a claimant cannot simultaneously recover damages based on two different liability findings if the injury is the same for both claims, thus creating a double recovery. Cf. alternative relief under RELIEF (3).
election petition
English law. A petition for inquiry into the validity of a Parliament member's election, when the member's return is allegedly invalid for bribery or other reason.
election returns
The report made to the board of canvassers or the election board, by those charged with tallying votes, of the number of votes cast for a particular candidate or proposition.
equitable election
See ELECTION (2).
estoppel by election
The intentional exercise of a choice between inconsistent alternatives that bars the person making the choice from the benefits of the one not selected. estoppel by inaction See estoppel by silence. See estoppel by silence.
forum-selection clause
A contractual provision in which the parties establish the place (such as the country, state, or type of court) for specified litigation between them. - Also termed forum-shopping clause. Cf. CHOICE-OFLAW CLAUSE.
free election
An election in which the political system and processes guarantee that each voter will be allowed to vote according to conscience.
free election.
See ELECTION.
general election
See ELECTION.
guardian by election.
A guardian chosen by a child when he or she would otherwise be without one. guardian by estoppel. See quasi guardian.
municipal election
See ELECTION.
off-year election
An election conducted at a time other than the presidential election year.
popular election
See ELECTION.
popular election.
An election by people as a whole, rather than by a select group.
primary election
A preliminary election in which a political party's registered voters nominate the candidate who will run in the general election. - Often shortened to primary.
primer election
A first choice; esp., the eldest coparcener's pick of land on division of the estate. See ELECTION.
recall election
See ELECTION.
regular election
See general election under ELECTION.
representation election
An election held by the National Labor Relations Board to decide whether a certain union will represent employees in a specific bargaining unit. See BARGAINING UNIT.
representation election.
See ELECTION
right of election
Wills & estates. A spouse's statutory right to choose, upon the other spouse's death, either the share under the deceased spouse's will or a share of the estate as defined in the probate statute, which usu. amounts to what the spouse would have received if the deceased spouse had died intestate. - Also termed widow's election. See ELECTION (2).
runoff election
An election held after a general election, in which the two candidates who received the most votes - neither of whom received a majority - run against each other so that the winner can be determined.
self-determination election
See GLOBE ELECTION.
special election
An election that occurs in an interim between general elections, usu. to fill a sudden vacancy in office.
waiver by election of remedies
A defense arising when a plaintiff has sought two inconsistent remedies and by a decisive act chooses one of them, thereby waiving the other.