Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
At-will employment.
see employment at will under employment. At-will tenancy. See tenancy at will under ten. Ancy.
Employ
vb. 1. To make use of. 2. To hire. 3. To use as an agent or substitute in transacting business. 4. To commission and entrust with the performance of certain acts or functions or with the management of one's affairs.
Employee
A person who works in the service of another person (the employer) under an express or implied contract of hire, under which the employer has the right to control the details of work performance. - Also spelled employe. Cf. AGENT; INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR.
Employee Retirement Income Security Act
A federal statute that regulates private pension plans and employee benefit plans and that established the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. 29 USCA §§ 1001 et seq. - Abbr. ERISA.
Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate
See W-4 FORM.
Employer
A person who controls and directs a worker under an express or implied contract of hire and who pays the worker's salary or wages. Cf. PRINCIPAL (1).
Employment
1. The act of employing; the state of being employed. 2. Work for which one has been hired and is being paid by an employer.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
A federal agency created under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to end discriminatory employment practices and to promote nondiscrim- inatory employment programs.( The EEOC investigates alleged discriminatory employment practices and encourages mediation and other nonlitigious means of resolving employment disputes. A claimant is required to file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC before pursuing a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and certain other employment-related statutes. - Abbr. EEOC.
Federal Employees' Compensation Act
A workers'-compensation law for federal employees. 5 USCA §§ 8101-8152 - Abbr. FECA. See WORKERS' COMPENSATION.
Federal Employers' Liability Act
A workers'-compensation law that provides death and disability benefits for employees of railroads engaged in interstate and foreign commerce. 45 USCA §§ 51-60 - Abbr. FE1,A.
Scope of employment
The range of reasonable and foreseeable activities that an employee engages in while carrying out the employer's business. See RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR. Cf. ZONE OF EMPLOYMENT.
Unemployment
The state or condition of being unemployed.
admission by employee or agent
See ADMISSION (1).
admission by employee or agent.
An admission made by a party-opponent's agent during employment and concerning a matter either within the scope of the agency or authorized by the party-opponent.
adverse employment action
an employer's decision that substantially and negatively affects an employee's job, such as a termination, demotion, or pay cut. - also termed adverse job action.
age discrimination in employment act
A federal law prohibiting job discrimination base:i on a person's age, esp. unfair and discriminatory employment decisions that negatively affect someone who is 40 years old or older. 29 usc,a §§ 621-634. 0 passed in 1967, the act applies u: businesses with more than 20 employees ai 3=1, all governmental entities. - abbr. adea.
borrowed employee
An employee whose services are, with the employee's consent, lent to another employer who temporarily assumes control over the employee's work. Under the doctrine of respondeat superior, the borrowing employer is vicariously liable for the employee's acts. But the employer may also be entitled to assert immunity under workers'-compensation laws. - Also termed borrowed servant; loaned employee; loaned servant; employee pro hac vice; special employee. See RESPONDEAT SUPERIOR.
casual employment
See EMPLOYMENT.
common-employment doctrine
See FELLOW. SERVANT RULE.
condition of employment
A qualification or circumstance required for obtaining or keeping a job.
course of employment
Events that occur or circumstances that exist as a part of one's employment; esp., the time during which an employee furthers an employer's goals through employer-mandated directives.
dual employment
See MOONLIGHTING,
emergency-employment doctrine
The principle that an employee may enlist another's help in dealing with an emergency that falls within the scope of the employee's duties and that could not be overcome without the assistance of the other person.
employee benefit plan
A written stock-purchase, savings, option, bonus, stock-appreciation, profit-sharing, thrift, incentive, pension, or similar plan solely for employees, officers, and advisers of a company. 0 The term includes an employee-welfare benefit plan, an employeepension benefit plan, or a combination of those two. But the term excludes any plan, fund, or program (other than an apprenticeship or training program) in which no employees are plan participants. - Often shortened to plan. Cf. PENSION PLAN.
employee pro hac vice
See borrowed employee under EMPLOYEE.
employee stock option
See STOCK OPTION (2)
employee-liability exclusion
A provision in some commercial general liability policies, excluding coverage for injury to an employee (or a member of the employee's family), arising from and in the course of employment with the insured. ( This exclusion is generally intended to exclude from coverage all injuries covered by the workers'-compensation laws.
employee-stock-ownership plan
A profitsharing plan designed primarily to give an employee retirement benefits and a stake in the company, but also used to allow employees to purchase their employer company if it is closing. IRC (26 USCA) § 4975(e)(7)(A). -Abbr. ESOP.
employers' liability.
See WORKERS' COMPENSATION.
employers'-liability insurance
1. An agreement to indemnify an employer against an employee's claim not covered under the workers'-compensation system. 2. An agreement to indemnify against liability imposed on an employer for an employee's negligence that injures a third party.
employment agency
A business that procures, for a fee, employment for others and employees for employers. ( Whether the employer or the employee pays the fee depends on the terms of the agreement. See FINDER (1).
employment at will
See EMPLOYMENT
employment at will.
Employment that is usu. undertaken without a contract and that may be terminated at any time, by either the employer or the employee, without cause. -Also termed at-will employment; hiring at will. "Surprisingly, the employment at will doctrine is not an ancient one. On the contrary, it dates only from the period in the mid-nineteenth century that saw the transformation of the employment relation from one of status to one of contract. The relentlesat will' had no legal interest in continuing job security. Whereas early American masters had some responsibility to the public as well as to their servants when they turned dependent servants out on the world, under [this] formulation, masters could simp
employment contract
A contract between an employer and employee in which the terms and conditions of employment are stated.
employment contract.
See CONTRACT.
employment practices liability insurance.
Insurance that provides coverage forclaims arising from an insured's injury-causing employment practice, such as discrimination, defamation, or sexual harassment. -Abbr. EPL insurance.
employment-practices-liability insurance.
See INSURANCE.
employment-related-practices exclusion
A provision in some commercial general liability policies, excluding coverage for damages arising from an insured's employment practices, including any policy, action, or omission - such as coercion, demotion, evaluation, reassignment, discipline, defamation, harassment, humiliation, or discrimination -that is directed at the person injured.
equal-opportunity employer
An employer who agrees not to discriminate against any job applicarit or employee on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, natural origin, age, or disability. - Abbr. EOE.
executive employee
An employee whose duties include some form of managerial authority and active participation in the control, supervision, and management of the business. -Often shortened to executive.
gainful employment
See EMPLOYMENT.
gainful employment.
Work that a person can pursue and perform for money.
general employer
An employer who transfers an employee to another employer for a limited period. See borrowed employee under EMPLOYEE.
governmental employee benefit plan.
See governmental plan under EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN.
hazardous employment
High-risk work; work involving extra peril. ( In the context of workers' compensation, hazardous employment often requires an employer to carry workers'-compensation coverage or its equivalent, regardless of the number of employees.
hot-cargo agreement. Labor law. A voluntary agreement between a union and a neutral employer by which the latter agrees to exert pressure on another employer with whom the union has a dispute, as by c
See LANDRUM-GRIFFIN ACT.
in the course of employment.
Workers' compensation. (Of an accident) having happened to an on-the-job employee within the scope of employment.
incident to employment
Workers' compensation. A risk that is related to or connected with a worker's job duties.
joint employment
See EMYLOYMEN.
joint employment.
A job in which the essential terms and conditions of the employee's work are controlled by two or more entities, as when a company hires a contractor to perform a task and retains control over the contractor's employees in matters such as hiring, firing, discipline, conditions of employment, promulgation of work rules, assignment of day-to-day job duties, and issuance of operating instructions.