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Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.

False

adj. 1. Untrue <a false statement>. 2. Deceitful; lying <a false witness>. 3. Not genuine; inauthentic <false coinage>. 0 What is false can be so by intent, by accident, or by mistake.

False Claims Act

A federal statute establishing civil and criminal penalties against persons who bill the government falsely, deliver less to the government than represented, or use a fake record to decrease an obligation to the government. 18 USCA §§ 286-287; 31 USCA §§ 3729-3733. ( The Act may be enforced either by the attorney general or by a private person in a qui tam action.

False arrest.

An arrest made without proper legal authority. Cf. False imprisonment. House arrest. See house arrest.

Falsehood

A lie. See LIE; PERJURY,

cheating by false pretenses

The act of purposely obtaining both the possession and ownership of money, goods, wares, or merchandise by means of misrepresentations, with the intent to defraud. See FALFF PRF TENSES. Cf. larceny

false action

See FEIGNED ACTION.

false advertising

n. The tortious and sometimes criminal act of distributing an advertisement that is untrue, deceptive, or misleading. - Also termed deceptive advertising.

false answer

A sham answer in a pleading. See sham pleading under PLEADING.

false arrest

See ARREST.

false character

Hist. The crime of impersonating a servant's master or mistress. See IMPOSTOR.

false check

See bad check

false claim

An assertion or statement that is untrue; esp., overbilling.

false conflict of laws

1. A situation resembling but not embodying an actual conflict because the potentially applicable laws do not differ, because the laws' underlying policies have the same objective, or because one of the laws is not meant to apply to the case before the court. 2. The situation in which, although a case has a territorial connection to two or more states whose laws conflict with one another, there is no real conflict because one state has a dominant interest in having its law chosen to govern the case - hence there is no real conflict. 3. The situation in which the laws of all states that are relevant to the facts in dispute either are the same or would produce the same decision in the case. -Often shortened to false conflict.

false demonstration

See FALSA DEMONSTRATIO.

false evidence

See false testimony under TESTIMONY.

false impersonation

See IMPERSONATION

false impersonation.

The crime of falsely representing oneself as another person, usu. a law-enforcement officer, for the purpose of deceiving someone. - Also termed false personation. See IMPOSTOR.

false imprisonment

A restraint of a person in a bounded area without justification or consent. ( False imprisonment is a common-law misdemeanor and a tort. It applies to private as well as governmental detention. Cf. false arrest under ARREST. "[In the phrase false imprisonment,] false is . . . used not in the ordinary sense of mendacious or fallacious, but in the less common though well-established sense of erroneous or wrong; as in the phrases false quantity, false step, false taste, etc." R.F.V. Heuston, Salmond on the Law of Torts 123 n.38 (17th ed. 1977). "False imprisonment was a misdemeanor at common law and is recognized by some states today. It differs from kidnapping in that asportation is not required. If the imprisonment is secret, some jurisdictions treat it as kidnapping." Arnold H. Loewy, Criminal Law in a Nutshell 65 (2d ed. 1987). "Some courts have described false arrest and false imprisonment as causes of action which are distinguishable only in terminology. The two have been called virtually indistinguishable, and identical. However, the difference between them lies in the manner in which they arise. In order to commit false imprisonment, it is not necessary either to intend to make an arrest or actually to make an arrest. By contrast, a person who is falsely arrested is at the same time falsely imprisoned." 32 Am. Jur. 2d False Imprisonment § 3 (1995).

false judgment

Hist. A writ filed to obtain review of a judgment of a court not of record. "After judgment given, a writ also of false judgment lies to the courts at Westminster to rehear and review the cause, and not a writ of error; for this is not a court of record ...." 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England 34 (1768).

false light

1. Torts. In an invasion-of-privacy action, a plaintiff's allegation that the defendant attributed to the plaintiff views that he or she does not hold and placed the plaintiff before the public in a highly offensive and untrue manner. ( If the matter involves the public interest, the plaintiff must prove the defendant's malice. See INVASION OF PRIVACY. 2. (usu. pl.) Maritime law. A signal displayed intentionally to lure a vessel into danger. 18 USCA § 1658(b). - Also termed false light or signal. false making. See FORGERY.

false misrepresentation

See MISREPRESENTATION. ( This phrase is redundant - misrepresentation includes the idea of falsity.

false news

Hist. The misdemeanor of spreading false information that causes discord between the monarch and the people or between important people in the realm. 3 Edw. I, ch. 34.

false oath

See PERJURY

false personation

See false impersonation under IMPERSONATION.

false plea

See sham pleading under PLEADING

false pretenses

The crime of knowingly obtaining title to another's personal property by misrepresenting a fact with the intent to defraud. ( Although unknown to English common law, false pretenses became a misdemeanor under a statute old enough to make it common law in the United States. Modern American statutes make it either a felony or a misdemeanor, depending on how valuable the property is. -Also termed obtaining property by false pretenses; fraudulent pretenses. Cf. larceny by trick under LARCENY; EMBEZZLEMENT.

false promise

A promise made with no intention of carrying it out.

false report

The criminal offense of informing law enforcement about a crime that did not occur.

false representation

See MISREPRESENTATION.

false return

See FALSE RETURN (2).

false statement

See FALSE STATEMENT.

false testimony

Testimony that is untrue. ( This term is broader than perjury, which has a state-of-mind element. Unlike perjury, false testimony does not denote a crime. - Also termed false evidence.

false verdict

A verdict so contrary to the evidence and so unjust that the judge may set it aside

false weight

A weight or measure that does not comply with governmentally prescribed standards or with the prevailing custom in the place and business in which the weight or measure is used.

false-implication libel

Libel of a public figure in a news article that creates a false implication or impression even though each statement in the article, taken separately, is true. See FALSE LIGHT; INVASION OF PRIVACY.

obtaining property by false pretenses

See FALSE PRETENSES.

theft by false pretext

The use of a false pretext to obtain another's property.