Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Artificial force
patents. A natural force so transformed in character or energies by human power that it is something new.
Assize of fresh force
hist. A writ available in urban areas to disseise another's land. (This writ is so called because it was available only within the first 40 days after title accrued to the person seeking it. - also termed assisa friscae fortiae
Bail-enforcement agent
see bounty hunter.
Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
See UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ARMED FORCES.
Deforcement
1. An act of keeping lands from the true owner by force. 2. An act of ousting another from possession by means of force. 3. An act of detaining a creditor's money unjustly and forcibly.
Enforce
ub. 1. To give force or effect to (a law, etc.); to compel obedience to. 2. Loosely, to compel a person to pay damages for not complying with (a contract).
Enforcement
n. The act or process of compelling compliance with a law, mandate, or command.
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act.
A uniform law, adopted by several states, that gives the holder of a foreign judgment essentially the same rights to levy and execute on the judgment as the holder of a domestic judgment. ( The Act defines a foreign judgment as any judgment, decree, or order of a court in the United States or of any other court) that is entitled to full faith and credit in the state. See FULL FAITH AND CREDIT.
Force
vb. To compel by physical means or by legal requirement <Barnes used a gun to force Ms. Jillson to use her ATM card> <under the malpractice policy, the insurance company was forced to defend the doctor>.
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
A federal agency (part of the Department of Justice) responsible for administering lawenforcement grants under the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. - Abbr. LEAA.
Law Enforcement Information Network
A computerized communications system used in some states to document drivers' license records, automobile registrations, wanted persons' files, etc. - Abbr. LEIN.
Unenforceable
adj. (Of a contract) valid but incapable of being enforced. Cf. VOID; VOIDABLE. unenforceable contract. See CONTRACT.
Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act
A uniform state law giving the holder of a foreign judgment the right to levy and execute as if it were a domestic judgment.
Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act
A uniform law providing a procedure by which an alimony or child-support decree issued by one state can be enforced against a former spouse who resides in another state. -Abbr. URESA.
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
The primary civilian appellate tribunal responsible for reviewing court-martial convictions from all the military services. 10 USCA §§ 941-950. - Formerly also termed Court of Military Appeals.
a fine force
[law french] of pure necessity.
a force
[law french] of necessity.
a force et armes
[law french] with force and arms. - also spelled a force et urmis. see vi et armis.
actual force
Force consisting in a physical act, esp. a violent act directed against a robbery victim. - Also termed physical force.
actual force.
See FORCE.
afforcement
n. [law latin] hist. 1. a reinforcement or fortification; esp., the reinforcing of a court on a solemn or extraordinary occasion. 2. a fortress. - also termeo afforciament (a-for-she-ment) afforciamentum (a-for-shee-a-men-tarm)
constructive force
Threats and intimidation to gain control or prevent resistance;. esp., threatening words or gestures directed against a robbery victim.
constructive force.
See FORCE.
de fine force
[Law French] Of pure necessity.
deadly force
Violent action known to create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm. ( A person may use deadly force in self-defense only if retaliating against another's deadly force. - Also termed extreme force. Cf. nondeadly force. "Under the common law the use of deadly force is never permitted for the sole purpose of stopping one fleeing from arrest on a misdemeanor charge . ..." Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal Law 1098 (3d ed. 1982).
enforcement power.
The authority by which Congress may enforce a particular constitutional amendment's provisions by appropriate legislation. 0 Enforcement power is granted to Congress under the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, and 26th Amendments.
excessive force
Unreasonable or unnecessary force under the circumstances.
extrajudicial enforcement
See SELF-HELP.
extreme force
See deadly force under FORCE.
force and arms
Hist. Violence. ( The phrase was used in common-law pleading in declarations of trespass and in indictments to denote that the offending act was committed violently. See VI ET ARMIS.
force and effect
n. Legal efficacy <mailing the brief had the force and effect of filing it with the clerk>. ( The term is now generally regarded as a redundant legalism.
force majeure
[Law French "a superior force"] An event or effect that can be neither anticipated nor controlled. 0 The term includes both acts of nature (e.g., floods and hurricanes) and acts of people (e.g., riots, strikes, and wars). - Also termed force majesture; vis major; superior force. Cf. ACT OF GOD; VIS MAJOR.
force-majeure clause
A contractual provision allocating the risk if performance becomes impossible or impracticable as a result of an event or effect that the parties could not have anticipated or controlled.
forced conversion
The conversion of a convertible security, after a call for redemption, when the value of the security that it may be converted to is greater than the amount that will be received if the holder permits the security to be redeemed.2. Tort & criminal law. The wrongful possession or disposition of another's property as if it were one's own; an act or series of acts of willful interference, without lawful justification, with any chattel in a manner inconsistent with another's right, whereby that other person is deprived of the use and possession of the chattel. - convert, vb.
forced exile
See EXILE.
forced heir
A person whom the testator or donor cannot disinherit because the law reserves part of the estate for that person.
forced labor
Int'l law. Work exacted from a person under threat of penalty; work for which a person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. 0 Under the U.N. Convention on Civil and Political Rights (article 8), exemptions from this definition include (1) penalties imposed by a court, (2) compulsory military service, (3) action taken in an emergency, (4) normal civil obligations, and (5) minor communal services. - Also termed compulsory labor.
forced portion
See LEGITIME.
forced resettlement
Int'Z law. The involuntary transfer of individuals or groups within the jurisdiction of a country whether inside its own territory or into or out of occupied territory.
forced respite
A respite in which some of the creditors are compelled by a court to give the same extension of time that the other creditors have agreed to.
forced sale
1. See execution sale. 2. A hurried sale by a debtor because of financial hardship or a creditor's action. Cf. voluntary sale.
forced share
See ELECTIVE SHARE.
fresh force.
Hist. Force, such as disseisin or deforcement, newly done. ( This term refers to force used in a town, and for which a remedy (the Assize of Fresh Force) existed. See assize of fresh force under ASSIZE (8).
intervening force
See intervening cause under CAUSE (1).
irresistible force
Force that cannot be foreseen or controlled, esp. that which prevents the performance of a contractual obligation; FORCE MAJEURE. legal for-,e. See reasonable force.
law enforcement
1 The detection and punishment of violations of the law. ( This term is not limited to the enforcement of criminal laws. For example, the Freedom of Information Act contains an exemption from disclosure for information compiled for law-enforcement purposes and furnished in confidence. That exemption is valid for the enforcement of a variety of noncriminal laws (such as national-security laws) as well as criminal laws. See 5 USCA § 552(b)(7). 2. CRIMINAL JUSTICE (2). 3. Police officers and other members of the executive branch of government charged with carrying out and enforcing the criminal law.
law enforcement.
See LAW ENFORCEMENT.
law-enforcement officer
A person whose duty is to enforce the laws and preserve the peace. See PEACE OFFICER; SHERIFF.
law-enforcement system
See CRIMINAL-JUSTICE SYSTEM.
legal force
See reasonable force under FORCE.