Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act.
A uniform law, adopted by several states, that gives the holder of a foreign judgment essentially the same rights to levy and execute on the judgment as the holder of a domestic judgment. ( The Act defines a foreign judgment as any judgment, decree, or order of a court in the United States or of any other court) that is entitled to full faith and credit in the state. See FULL FAITH AND CREDIT.
Foreign
adj. 1. Of or relating to another country < foreign affairs>. 2. Of or relating to another jurisdiction <the Arizona court gave full faith and credit to the foreign judgment from Mississippi>. -foreigner, n.
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
A federal statute providing individuals with a right of action against foreign governments, under certain circumstances, to the extent the claim arises from the private, as opposed to the public, acts of the foreign state. 28 USCA §§ 1602-1611. - Abbr. FSIA. See RESTRICTIVE PRINCIPLE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.
Foreign assignment
an assignment made in a foreign country or in another jurisdiction.
Foreigner
1. Hist. A person not an inhabitant of a particular city under discussion. 2. A citizen of another country.
U.S.-owned foreign corporation
A foreign corporation in which 50% or more of the total combined voting power or total value of the stock is held directly or indirectly by U.S. citizens. IRC (26 USCA) § 904(g)(6). ( If the dividend or interest income paid by a U.S. corporation is classified as a foreign source, the U.S. corporation is treated as a U.S.owned foreign corporation. IRC (26 USCA) § 861.
U.S: owned foreign corporation
See coRPoRATION.
Uniform Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Act
A uniform state law giving the holder of a foreign judgment the right to levy and execute as if it were a domestic judgment.
controlled foreign corporation
St-( ~stth~, TION.
foreign administration
See ancillary administration under ADMINISTRATION. foreign administrator See ADMINISTRATOR (1).
foreign administration.
See ancillary administration.
foreign administrator
An administrator appointed in another jurisdiction.
foreign agent
a person who registers with the federal government as a lobbyist representing the interests of a foreign nation or corporation.
foreign apposer
Hist. An Exchequer officer responsible for examining the sheriff's estreat (book of fines), comparing the entries with those in court records, and apposing (interrogating) the sheriff on each sum in the estreat. - Also termed apposer.
foreign assignment
See ASSIGNMENT (2).
foreign bill
See BILL (6)
foreign bill of exchange
See foreign draft under DRAFT.
foreign bill.
A bill of exchange drawn in one state or country and payable in another. Cf. domestic bill. inland bill of exchange. See domestic bill.
foreign bond
See BOND (3).
foreign consulate
The consulate of a foreign country in the receiving state.3. Government by consuls < after the French Revolution, the Directory was overthrown and the Consulate was created>. 0 This sense of consulate is based on the original Roman meaning ("chief magistrate") - not on the modern sense of an overseas representative of a country.
foreign corporation
See CORPORATION.
foreign county
Any county separate from that of a county where matters arising in the former county are called into question, though both may lie within the same state or country.
foreign court
See COURT.
foreign creditor
A creditor who resides in a different state or country from that of the debtor or the debtor's property.
foreign divorce
See DIVORCE.
foreign document
A document that originated in, or was prepared or executed in, a foreign state or country.
foreign document.
See DOCUMENT.
foreign domicile
A domicile established by a citizen or subject of one sovereignty within the territory of another.
foreign dominion
Hist. A country that at one time was a foreign state but that by conquest or cession has come under the British Crown.
foreign draft
A draft drawn in one country or state but payable in another. - Also termed foreign bill of exchange; international bill of exchange.
foreign exchange
1. The process of making international monetary transactions; esp., the conversion of one currency to that of a different country. 2. Foreign currency or negotiable instruments payable in foreign currency, such as traveler's checks.
foreign guardian
See GUARDIAN.
foreign guardian.
A guardian appointed by a court in a state other than the one in which the ward is domiciled. ( A foreign guardian cares for the ward's property that is located in the state of appointment.
foreign immunity
See IMMUNITY
foreign judgment
A judgment rendered by a court of a state or country different from that where the judgment or its effect is at issue.
foreign jurisdiction
See JURISDICTION.
foreign jury
A jury obtained from a jurisdiction other than that in which the case is brought.
foreign law
1. Generally, the law of another country. 2. Conflict of laws. The law of another state or of a foreign- country.
foreign merchants
( In exchange for paying customs duties, merchants received extensive trading rights throughout England, the power to export their merchandise, the liberty to dwell where they pleased, and certain legal rights. - Also termed Statutum de Nova Custuma. cart-bote. See plowbote under BOTE (1
foreign minister
1. A minister of foreign affairs, who in many countries is equivalent to the U.S. Secretary of State. 2. An ambassador, minister, or envoy from a foreign government.
foreign object
An item that appears where it does not belong; esp., an item introduced into a living body, such as a sponge that is left in a patient's body during surgery. ( The discovery rule usu. tolls the statute of limitations for a medical-malpractice claim based on a foreign object. - Also termed foreign substance. See FOREIGN SUBSTANCE.
foreign port
1. One exclusively within the jurisdiction of another country or state. 2. A port other than a home port.
foreign service
1. UNITED STATES FOREIGN SERVICE. 2. FORINSEC SERVICE. 3. Hist. A feudal service performed by a tenant outside of the fee.
foreign situs trust
See TRUST.
foreign state.
1. A foreign country. 2. An American state different from the one under discus sion. foreign substance. A substance found in a body, organism, or thing where it is not supposed to be found <the plaintiff sued because she thought she saw - and later confirmed that she had found - a foreign substance (namely, mercury) in her hamburger>. foreign support order. See SUPPORT ORDER. foreign tax credit. See TAX CREDIT. foreign trade zone. See FREE-TRADE ZONE. foreign trust. See TRUST. foreign vessel. See VESSEL. foreign voyage. See VOYAGE. breign water. See WATER.
foreign tax credit
A tax credit against U.S. income taxes for a taxpayer who earns income overseas and has paid foreign taxes on that income. See FOREIGN-EARNED-INCOME EXCLUSION.
foreign trust
A trust created and administered under foreign law.
foreign vessel
A vessel owned by residents of, or sailing under the flag of, a foreign nation.
foreign voyage
A voyage to a port or place within the territory of a foreign nation. 0 If the voyage is from one port in a foreign country to another port in the same country, it is considered a foreign voyage.
foreign-earned-income exclusion
The Internal Revenue Code provision that excludes from taxation a limited amount of income earned by nonresident taxpayers outside the United States. ( The taxpayer must elect between this exclusion and the foreign tax credit. IRC (26 USCA) § 911(a), (b). See foreign tax credit under TAX CREDIT.