Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Freedom
1. The state of being free or liberated. 2. A political right.
Freedom of Information Act
The federal statute that establishes guidelines for public disclosure of documents and materials created and held by federal agencies. :i ITSC-1 § 552. Abbr. FOIA.
academic freedom
The right (esp. of a university teacher) to speak freely about political or ideological issues without fear of loss of position or other reprisal.
constitutional freedom
A basic liberty guaranteed by the Constitution or Bill of Rights, such as the freedom of speech. - Also termed constitutional protection.
contract, freedom of
See FREEDOM OF CON. TRACT.
expression, freedom of
See FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION.
freedom of assembly
See RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY.
freedom of association
The right to join with others in a common undertaking that would he lawful if pursued individually. ( This right protected by the First Amendment to the USA Constitution. The government may not prohibit outsiders from joining an association, but insiders do not necessarily have a right to exclude others. Cf. RIGHT OF ASSEMBL',
freedom of choice
1. The liberty embodied in the exercise of one's rights. 2. The parents opportunity to select a school for their child a unitary, integrated school system that is devoid of de jure segregation. 3. The liberty exercise one's right of privacy, esp. the right to have an abortion also termed right to choose
freedom of contract
The doctrine that people have the right to bind themselves legally; a. judicial concept that contracts are based mutual agreement and free choice, and the. should not be hampered by external contract, such as governmental interference. ( This is, the principle that people are able to fashion their relations by private agreements, esp. as opposed to the assigned roles of the feud".' system. As Maine famously said, "[T]he movement of progressive societies has been a movement from Status to Contract." Henry Summer< < Maine, Ancient Law 165 (1864). - Also termed liberty of contract ."Like most shibboleths, that of 'freedom of contra, < rarely, if ever, received the close examination which .its importance deserved, and even today it is by no me.. , easy to say what exactly the nineteenth-century judges meant when they used this phrase. At least it may ':"said that the idea of freedom of contract embraced to closely connected, but none the less distinct, concepts ; t, the first place it indicated that contracts were based mutual agreement, while in the second place it emphasized that the creation of a contract was the result of .3 free choice unhampered by external control such ,as government or legislative interference." P.S. Atiyah : an Introduction to the Law of Contract 5 (3d ed. 198;
freedom of expression
The freedom of speech, press, assembly, or religion as guaranteed by the First Amendment; the prohibition of governmental interference with those freedom.
freedom of petition
See RIGHT TO PETITION.
freedom of religion
The right to adhere to any form of religion or none, to practice or ahstain from practicing religious beliefs, and to be free from governmental interference with or promotion of religion, as guaranteed by the First Amendment and Article VI, § 3 of the U.S. Constitution.
freedom of speech
The right to express one's thoughts and opinions without governmental restriction, as guaranteed by the First Amendment. - Also termed liberty of speech.
freedom of the city
Hist. An immunity or privilege from some burden, esp. from county jurisdiction and its privilege of municipal taxation and self-government, held under a royal charter.
freedom of the press
The right to print and publish materials without governmental intervention, as guaranteed by the First Amendment. - Also termed liberty of the press.
freedom of the seas.
Int'l law. The principle that the seas beyond territorial waters are not subject to any country's control. ( Ships on the high seas are subject only to the jurisdiction of the country whose flag they fly, except in cases of piracy, hijacking, hot pursuit from territorial waters, slave trading, and certain rights of approach by warships. - Also termed mare liberum.
religion, freedom of.
See FREEDOM OF RELIGION.