Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A family, including household servants
"Familia A family or household, including servants, that is, hired persons (mercenarii or conductitii,) as well as bondsmen, and all who were under the authority of one master, (dominus.) Bracton uses the word in the original sense, as denoting servants or domestics." 1 Alexander M. Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary 603-04 (2d ed. 1867)
Bank holding company
a company that owns or controls one or more banks. 0 ownership or control of 25 percent is usu. Enough for this purpose. - abbr. Bhc.
Beneficial holder of securities
a holder of equitable title to corporate stock. ( the stock is not registered under the holder's name in the corporation's records.
Bondholder
One who holds a government or business bond.
Copyhold
Hist. A base tenure requiring the tenant to provide the customary services of the manor, as reflected in the manor's court rolls. Copyhold tenure descended from pure villeinage; over time, the customs of the manor, as reflected on the manor's rolls, dictated what services a lord could demand from a copyholder. This type of tenure was abolished by the Law of Property Act of 1922, which converted copyhold land into freehold or leasehold land. - Also termed copyhold tenure; customary estate; customary freehold; tenancy by the verge; tenancy par la verge; tenancy by the rod. See base tenure under TENURE; vILLEINAGE.
Copyholder
Hist. A tenant by copyhold tenure. - Also termed tenant by the verge; tenant par la verge.
Counting House of the King's Household
See BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH.
Court of Magistrates and Freeholders
Hist. A South Carolina court with criminal jurisdiction over alleged offenses committed by slaves and free persons of color.
Court of the Steward of the King's Household
Hist. A court having jurisdiction overcriminal cases involving a member of the royal household. ( This court's jurisdiction was at first limited to acts of violence by the king's servants toward a member of the king's council, but it was later given broader criminal authority. The Court was abolished in 1828.
Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate
See W-4 FORM.
Freehold
n. 1. An estate in land held in fee simple, in fee tail, or for term of life. 0 At common law, these estates were all created by enfeoffment with livery of seisin. 2. The tenure by which such an estate is held. - Also termed freehold estate; freehold interest; franktenement; liberum tenementum. Cf LEASEHOLD.
Hold
ub. 1. To possess by a lawful title <Sarah holds the account as her separate property>. 2. (Of a court) to adjudge or decide <this court thus holds the statute to be unconstitutional>. 3. To direct and bring about officially; to conduct according to law <we must hold an election every two years>. 4. To keep in custody or under an obligation <I will ask the judge to hold you accountable>. 5. To take or have an estate from another; to have an estate on condition of paying rent or performing service <James holds Hungerstream Manor under lease>. 6. To conduct or preside at; to convoke, open, and direct the operations of <Judge Brown holds court four days a week>. 7. To possess or occupy; to be in possession and administration of <Wendy holds the office of treasurer>.
Holding
n. 1. A court's determination of a matter of law pivotal to its decision; a principle drawn from such a decision. Cf. OBITER DICTUM. 2. A ruling on evidence or other questions presented at trial. 3. (usu. pl.) Legally owned property, esp. land or securities. 4. Hist. In feudal law, tenure.
Household
n. 1. A family living together. 2. A group of people who dwell under the same roof. Cf. FAMILY.
Leasehold
n. A tenant's possessory estate in land or premises, the four types being the tenancy for years, the periodic tenancy, the tenancy at will, and the tenancy at sufferance. ( Although a leasehold has some of the characteristics of real property, it has historically been classified as a chattel real. - Also termed leasehold estate; leasehold interest. See TENANCY. Cf. FREEHOLD.
Lienholder
A person having or owning a lien. Also termed lienor; lienee.
Policyholder
One who owns an insurance policy, regardless of whether that person is the insured party. - Also termed policyowner.
Public Utility Holding Company Act
A federal law enacted in 1935 to protect investors and consumers from the economic disadvantages produced by the small number of holding companies that owned most of the nation's utilities. ( The Act also sought to protect the public from deceptive security advertising. 15 USCA §§ 79 et seq. - Abbr. PUHCA.
Shareholder
One who owns or holds a share or shares in a company, esp. a corporation. - Also termed shareowner; (in a corporation) stockholder.
Stakeholder
1 A disinterested third party who holds nionev or property, the right to which is disputed between two or more other parties. See INTERPLEADER. 2. A person who has an interest or concern in a business or enterprise, though not necessarily as an owner. 3. One who holds the money or valuables bet by others in a wager.
Stockholder
See SHAREHOLDER.
Withholding
, n. 1. The practice of deducting a certain amount from a person's salary, wages, dividends, winnings, or other income, usu. for tax purposes; esp., an employer's practice of taking out a portion of an employee's gross earnings and paying that portion to the government for income-tax and social-security purposes. 2. The money so deducted. - withhold, ub.
all-holders rule
1. an sec rule that prohibits public offering by the issuer of shares to sorne, but less than all, of the holders of a class shares. 2. an sec rule requiring a tender .-:feror to make its offer to all the target com-pany's shareholder.
bona fide holder for value.
See HOLDER FOR VALUE.
borough-holder
See BORSHOLDER.
borsholder
Hist. 1. The chief of a tithing or frankpledge. 2. A petty constable. - Also termed borough-holder; borrowhead;headborough.
certificate of holder of attached property
A certificate given by a person who holds - but does not own - property attached by a sheriff; the certificate sets forth the holder's interest in the, property.
controlling shareholder
A shareholder who is in a position to influence the corporation's activities because the shareholder either owns a majority of outstanding shares or owns a smaller percentage but a significant number of the remaining shares are widely distributed among many others.
customary freehold
See COPYHOLD.
diversified holding company
A holding company that controls several unrelated companies or businesses.
due-course holder
See HOLDER IN DUE COURSE.
dummy shareholder
A shareholder who owns stock in name only for the benefit of the true owner, whose identity is usu. concealed.
enfranchisement of copyhold
Hist. The conversion of copyhold into freehold tenure, by (1) a conveyance of the fee simple from the lord of the manor to the copyholder, (2) a release from the lord of all seigniorial rights, or (3) a release by the copyholder to the lord of the copyholder's interest in the estate. See COPYHOLD.
escrow holder
See ESCROW AGENT
estate less than freehold
See ESTATE.
extinguishment of copyhold
The destruction of copyhold by a uniting of freehold and copyhold interests in the same person and in the same right. ( In England, under the 1922 Law of Property Act, copyholds were enfranchised and became either leasehold or, more often, freehold. See COPYHOLD.
feu holding
Hist. A tenancy held by rendering produce or money instead of military service.
freehold estate.
See FREEHOLD.
freehold interest.
See FREEHOLD
freehold land society
(usu. pl.) Hist. A society in England created to enable mechanics, artisans, and other workers to buy at the lowest possible price freehold land with a sufficient yearly value to entitle the owner to the right to vote in the county in which the land was located.
freeholder's court baron.
See COURT BARON.
freeholder.
Hist. One who possesses a freehold.
have and hold.
See TO HAVE AND TO HOLD.
head of household.
1. The primary incomeprovider within a family. 2. For income-tax purposes, an unmarried or separated person (other than a surviving spouse) who provides a home for dependents for more than one-half of the taxable year. ( A head of a household is taxed at a lower rate than a single person who is not head of a household. Cf. HOUSEHOLDER.
hold harmless
ub. To absolve (another party) from any responsibility for damage or other liability arising from the transaction; INDEMNIFY. - Also termed save harmless.
hold order.
A notation in a prisoner's file stating that another jurisdiction has charges pending against the prisoner and instructing prison officials to alert authorities in that other jurisdiction instead of releasing the prisoner.
hold out
ub. 1. To represent (oneself or another) as having a certain legal status, as by claiming to be an agent or partner with authority to enter into transactions <even though he was only a promoter, Schwartz held himself out as the principal>. 2. To refuse to yield or submit; to stand firm < Womack held out for a higher salary and better benefits>.
hold-harmless agreement.
A contract in which one party agrees to indemnify the other. -Also termed save-harmless agreement. See INDEMNITY
hold-harmless clause.
See INDEMNITY CLAUSE.
holder for value.
A person who has given value in exchange for a negotiable instrument. 4 Under the UCC, examples of "giving value" in. clude acquiring a security interest in the in. strument or accepting the instrument in payment of an antecedent claim. UCC § 3-303(a). - Also termed bona fide holder for value.