Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Autolimitation
n. An authority's establishment of rules that, in effect, limit the authority's own power. - autolimit, vb.
Delimitation
A fixing of limits or boundaries.
Imitation
Trademarks. An item that so resembles a trademarked item as to be likely to induce the belief that it is genuine.
Limitation
1 The act of limiting; the state of being limited. 2. A restriction. 3. A statutory period after which a lawsuit or prosecution cannot be brought in court. - Also termed limitations period; limitation period. See STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. Cf. LACHES. 4. Property. The restriction of the extent of an estate; the creation by deed or devise of a lesser estate out of a fee simple. See WORDS OF LIMITATION.
Non accipi debent verba in demonstrationem falsam, quae competunt in limitationem veram
Words ought not to be accepted to import a false description when they are consistent with a true definition.
Omnes actiones in mundo infra certa tempora habent limitationem
All actions in the world are limited within certain periods.
agreement relating to liability limitation of the warsaw convention and the hague protocol.
see montreal agreement.
collateral limitation
See LIMITATION.
colorable-imitation test
Trademarks. A test for a trademark violation in which a court determines whether an ordinary person who is not allowed to compare the two items side by side could recognize the difference between the two.
conditional limitation
1 See executory limitation. 2. A lease provision that automatically terminates the lease if a specified event occurs, such as if the lessee defaults.
constitutional limitation
A onstitutional provision that restricts the powers of a governmental branch, department, agency, or officer.
critical limitation
Patents. A limitation essential either to the operativeness of an invention or to the patentability of a patent claim for the invention.
debt limitation
A ceiling placed on borrowing by an individual, business, or government. ( The constitutions of many states prohibit the states from incurring debt in excess of a stated amount. Other state constitutions allow states to incur debt above a stated amount only through a vote of the people. - Also termed limitation on indebtedness. debt of record. See DEBI
estate on conditional limitation
See estate on condition under ESTATE.
estate on limitation
See ESTATE
executory limitation
See LIMITATION
fee simple subject to an executory limitation
A fee simple defeasible that is subject to divestment in favor of someone other than the grantor if a specified event happens (e.g., "to Albert and his heirs, but if the property is ever used as a parking lot, then to Bob"). -Also termed fee simple subject to an executory interest.
fee simple subject to common-law limitation
See fee simple determinable.
fee simple subject to special limitation
See fee simple determinable.
limitation of assize
Hist. A period prescribed by statute within which a person is required to allege that the person was properly seised of lands sued for under a writ of assize.
limitation on indebtedness
See DEBT LIMITATION.
limitation over
An additional estate created or contemplated in a conveyance, to be enjoyed after the first estate expires or is exhausted. a An example of language givingrise to a limitation over is "to A for life, remainder to B."
limitation period
See LIMITATION (3).
limitation-of-damages clause
A contractual provision by which the parties agree on a maximum amount of damages recoverable for a future breach of the agreement. - Also termed liquidated-damages clause.
limitation-of-liability act
A federal or state law that limits the type of damages that may be recovered, the liability of particular persons or groups, or the time during which an action may be brought. See FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT; sovereign immunity under IMMUNITY (1).
limitation-of-remedies clause
A contractual provision that restricts the remedies available to the parties if a party defaults. ( Under the UCC, such a clause is valid unless it fails of its essential purpose or it unconscionably limits consequential damages. UCC ยง 2-719. Cf. LIQUIDATED-DAMAGES CLAUSE; PENALTY CLAUSE.
limitations period
See LIMITATION (3).
limitations, statute of
See STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.
partial limitation
Insurance. A policy provision in which the insurer agrees to pay a total loss if the actual loss exceeds a specified amount.
public-policy limitation
Tax. A judicially developed principle that a person should not be allowed to deduct expenses related to an activity that is contrary to the public welfare. ( This principle is reflected in the Internal Revenue Code's specific disallowance provisions (such as for kickbacks and bribes).
special limitation
A restriction that causes an estate to end automatically and revert to the grantor upon the happening of a specified event. See fee simple determinable under FEE SIMPLE. "[I]f a deed or will uses such words as 'for so long as,' 'while,' during,' or 'until' to introduce the circumstances under which an estate may end prior to its running its maximum course, it is generally assumed that a special limitation was intended." Thomas F. Bergin & Paul G. Haskell, Preface to Estates in Land and Future Interests 50 (2d ed. 1984).
statute of limitations
1 A statute establishing a time limit for suing in a civil case, based on the date when the claim accrued (as when the injury occurred or was discovered). ( The purpose of such a statute is to require diligent prosecution of known claims, thereby providing finality and predictability in legal affairs and ensuring that claims will be resolved while evidence is reasonably available and fresh. -Also termed nonclaim statute "Statutes of limitations, like the equitable doctrine of laches, in their conclusive effects are designed to promote justice by preventing surprises through the revival of claims that have been allowed to slumber until evidence has been lost, memories have faded, and witnesses have disappeared." Order of R.R. Telegraphers u. Railway Express Agency, 321 U.S. 342, 348-49, 64 S.Ct. 582, 586 (1944).
words of limitation
Language in a deed or will - often' nonliteral language - describing the extent or quality of an estate. ( For example, under long-standing principles of property law, the phrasing "to A and her heirs" creates a fee simple and does not give anything to A's heirs. See LIMITATION (4).