Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Independent
adj. 1. Not subject to the control or influence of another <independent investigation. 2. Not associated with another (often larger) entity <an independent subsidiary>. 3. Not dependent or contingent on something else <an independent person>.
Independent audit
an audit conducted by an outside person or firm not connected with the person or organization being audited.
Independenter se habet assecuratio a viaggio navis.
The route insured is distinct from the voyage of the ship.
independent adjuster
See ADJUSTER.
independent adjuster.
An adjuster who solicits business from more than one insurance company; one who is not employed by, and does not work exclusively for, one insurance company.
independent advice
Counsel that is impartial and not given to further the interests of the person giving it. ( Whether a testator or donor received independent advice before making a disposition is often an important issue in an undue-influence challenge to the property disposition. - Also termed proper independent advice.
independent agency
See AGENCY (3).
independent agency.
a federal agency, commission, or board that is not under the direction of the executive, such as the federal trade commission or the national labor relations board. - also termed independent regulatory agency; independent regulatory commission.
independent agent
See AGENT.
independent audit
See AUDIT.
independent contract
See CONTRACT.
independent contractor
See INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR.
independent counsel
An attorney hired to provide an unbiased opinion about a lawsuit or to conduct an impartial investigation; esp., an attorney appointed by a governmental branch or agency to investigate alleged misconduct within that branch or agency. See special prosecutor under PROSECUTOR. Cf special counsel.
independent covenant
See COVENANT (I).
independent executor
An executor who, unlike an ordinary executor, can administer the estate with very little supervision by the probate court. ( Only a few states - mostly in the West and Southwest - allow testators to designate independent executors. - Also termed nonintervention executor.
independent intervening cause
See intervening cause under CAUSE (1). independent investigation committee See SPECIAL LITIGATION COMMITTEE.
independent personal representative
See personal representative.
independent probate
See informal probate under PROBATE.
independent promise
See unconditional promise.
independent regulatory agency
See independent agency under AGENCY (3).
independent regulatory commission
See independent agency under AGENCY (3).
independent state
See SOVEREIGN STATE.
independent union
A union that is not affiliated with a national or international union.
independent-significance doctrine
The principle that effect will be given to a testator's disposition that is not done solely to avoid the requirements of a will.
independent-source rule
Criminal procedure. The rule providing - as an exception to the fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree doctrine - that evidence obtained by illegal means may nonetheless be admissible if that evidence is also obtained by legal means unrelated to the original illegal conduct. See FRUIT-OF-THE-POISONOUSTREE DOCTRINE. CF INEVITABLE-DISCOVERY RULE.
proper independent advice
See INDEPENDENT ADVICE.