Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Disinvestments
n. 1. The consumption of capital. 2. The withdrawal of investments, esp. on political grounds. - Also termed (in sense 2) divestment. - disinvest, vb.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
A division of the U.S. Department of Justice charged with investigating all violations of federal laws except those specifically assigned to another federal agency. - Abbr. FBI.
Invest
ub. 1. To supply with authority or power <the U.S. Constitution invests the President with the power to conduct foreign affairs>. 2. To apply (money) for profit <Jillson invested her entire savings in the mutual fund>. 3. To make an outlay of money for profit <Baird invested in stocks>. - investor, n.
Investigate
ub. 1. To inquire into (a matter) systematically; to make (a suspect) the subject of a criminal inquiry <the police investigated the suspect's involvement in the murder>. 2. To make an official inquiry <after the judge dismissed the case, the police refused to investigate further>.
Investment
1. An expenditure to acquire property or assets to produce revenue; a capital outlay.
Investment Advisors Act
A federal statute -administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission - that regulates investment advisers. 15 USCA §§ 80b-1 et seq.
Investment Company Act
A 1940 federal statute enacted to curb financial malpractices and abuses by regulating investment-company activities and transactions - specifically, by requiring registration of investment companies and prohibiting transactions by unregistered companies; by making certain persons ineligible as affiliated persons or underwriters; by regulating affiliations of directors, officers, and employees; by barring changes in investment policy without shareholder approval; and by regulating contracts of advisers and underwriters. 15 USCA §§ 80a-1 et seq.
Investment bank
a bank whose primary purpose is to acquire financing for businesses, esp. Through the sale of securities. ( an investment bank does not accept deposits and, apart from selling securities, does not deal with the public at large. See investment banker.
Investor
1. A buyer of a security or other property who seeks to profit from it without exhausting the principal. 2. Broadly, a person who spends money with an expectation of earning a profit.
Moody's Investor's Service
An investment analysis and advisory service. - Often shortened to Moody's.
Overseas Private Investment Corporation.
A corporation created by the federal government to finance and insure overseas investments by U.S. companies. ( Chartered in 1969, the corporation is a for-profit entity that is not federally funded, but its insurance commitments are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. - Abbr. OPIC.
Reinvestment
1. The addition of interest earned on a monetary investment to the principal sum. 2. A second, additional, or repeated investment; esp., the application of dividends or other distributions toward the purchase of additional shares (as of a stock or a mutual fund).
Securities Investor Protection Act
A 1970 federal law establishing the Securities Investor Protection Corporation that, although not a governmental agency, is designed to protect investors and help brokers and dealers in financial trouble. - Abbr. SIPA. 15 USCA §§ 78aaa et seq.
Securities Investor Protection Corporation
A corporation established under the Securities Investor Protection Act to protect investors and help brokers and dealers in financial trouble. -Abbr. SIPC. See SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION ACT.
Small Business Investment Act
A federal law, originally enacted in 1958, under which investment companies may be formed and licensed to supply long-term equity capital to small businesses. ( The statute is implemented by the Small Business Administration. 15 USCA §§ 661 et seq.
accredited investor. An investor treated under the Securities Act of 1933 as being knowledgeable and sophisticated about financial matters, esp. because of the investor's large net worth. 0 In a secur
See REPRESENTATIVE.
diversified investment company
See COMPANY.
dividend-reinvestment plan
A companysponsored program that enables common shareholders to reinvest their dividends, plus additional voluntary payments, into shares of the entity's common stock, usu. with no sales charge, and sometimes at a discount from the stock's market price.
fair return on investment
The usual or reasonable profit in a business, esp. a public utility.
fixed-dollar investment
An investment whose value is the same when sold as it was when purchased. ( Examples are bonds held to maturity, certain government securities, and savings accounts.
fixed-income investment
See INVESTMENT.
guaranteed investment contract
See INVESTMENT CONTRACT.
institutional investor
One who trades large volumes of securities, usu. by investing other people's money into large managed funds. Institutional investors are often pension funds, investment companies, trust managers, or insurance companies. See MUTUAL FUND.
investigating bureau
See CREDIT-REPORTING BUREAU.
investigating magistrate
A quasi judicial officer responsible for examining and sometimes ruling on certain aspects of a criminal proceeding before it comes before a judge. "The institution of the investigating magistrate is another measure for preserving the integrity of the law at the level of enforcement. In this case the measure is directed not toward curing the evils of a lax or sporadic enforcement, but toward the evils of an opposite nature, those resulting from an excess of zeal on the part of the prosecutor. Under the system in question, before a criminal charge may be brought before the regular courts it must be investigated by a special official and, in effect, certified as deserving trial in court. The investigating magistrate is thus a kind of quasi judge standing halfway between the prosecutor and the regular court. The danger of the institution lies precisely in this twilight zone of function which it occupies. The certification of a case for trial inevitably tends to confirm the criminal charge against the suspect, thus creating what may amount in practice to a strong presumption of guilt. The element of prejudgment involved constitutes a threat to the integrity of the trial in open court; the accused has, in effect, had a kind of half-trial in advance of the real trial, and this half-trial is conducted, not before but by a kind of half-judge who acts essentially as an inquisitorial court. In those countries where it is a part of the legal system, the role of the investigating magistrate continues to be a subject of some debate, and even where it is generally accepted, there is always some lingering concern lest it become the subject of inconspicuous abuse." Lon L. Fuller, Anatomy of the Law 38-39 (1968).
investigative detention.
The holding of a suspect without formal arrest during the investigation of the suspect's participation in a crime. ( Detention of this kind is constitutional only if probable cause exists.
investigative grand jury
See GRAND JURY.
investigatory interrogation
See INTERROGATION.
investigatory interrogation.
Routine, nonaccusatory questioning by the police of a person who is not in custody.
investigatory power
See POWER (4).
investigatory stop
See STOP AND FRISK.
investitive fact
A fact that confers rights. - Also termed collative fact (ka-lay-tiv).
investiture
1. The act of formally installing a person in a ceremony in which the person is clothed in the insignia of the office's position or rank; esp., the installation of a cleric in office. 2. LIVERY OF SEISIN.
investment adviser
A person who, for pay, advises others, either directly or through publications or writings, about the value of securities or the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, or who is in the business of issuing reports on securities. ( The term generally excludes an employee of an investment adviser; a depository institution, such as a bank; lawyers, accountants, engineers, and teachers whose investment advice is solely incidental to the practice of their profession; a broker-dealer whose advice is incidental to the conduct of business and who receives no special compensation for that advice; and publishers of bona fide newspapers, newsmagazines, or business or financial publications of general, regular, or paid circulation.
investment bank
See BANK.
investment banker
A person or institution that underwrites, sells, or assists in raising capital for businesses, esp. for new issues of stocks or bonds; a trader at an investment bank. See investment bank under BANK.
investment banking
The business of underwriting or selling securities; esp., the marketing of new stocks or bonds.
investment bill
See BILL (6).
investment bill.
A bill of exchange purchased at a discount and intended to be held to maturity as an investment.
investment company
A company formed to acquire and manage a portfolio of diverse assets by investing money collected from different sources. ( The Investment Company Act of 1940 defines the term as an issuer of securities that (1) is, holds itself out to be, or proposes to be engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities; (2) is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of issuing face-amount certificates of the installment type, or has been engaged in this business and has such a certificate outstanding; or (3) is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities, and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer's total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. 15 USCA § 80a-2(a)(16). - Also termed investment trust. See REAL-ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST; MUTUAL FUND.
investment contract
See INVESTMENT CONTRACT.
investment discretion
The ability of a person to (1) determine what will be purchased or sold by or for an account, (2) decide what will be purchased or sold by or for the account even though another may have the responsibility, or (3) influence the purchase or sale of securities or property in a way that, according to an administrative agency such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, should be subject to the agency's governing rules and regulations.
investment income
See unearned income (1) under INCOME.
investment income.
See unearned income.
investment indebtedness
Tax. Debt incurred by a taxpayer to acquire or carry assets that may produce income. ( The Internal Revenue Code limits the amount of deductible interest on this type of debt.
investment property
Any asset purchased to produce a profit, whether from income or resale.
investment security
An instrument issued in bearer or registered form as a type commonly recognized as a medium for investment and evidencing a share or other interest in the property or enterprise of the issuer.
investment tax credit
See TAX CREDIT.
investment trust
See investment company under COMPANY.
investment-grade bond
A bond with a rating of BBB or better by the leading bond rating services. See INVESTMENT-GRADE RATING.