Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Article ii judge
a u.s. bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge appointed for a term of years as authorized by congress under article ii of the u.s. constitution. 28 usca §§ 151 et seq., 631 et seq.
Article iii judge
a u.s. supreme court, court of appeals, or district court judge appointed for life under article iii of the u.s. constitution.
Associate judge.
See judge. Associate justice. See justice (2)
Bankruptcy judge
a judicial officer appointed by a u.s. court of appeals to preside over a bankruptcy court in a designated judicial district for a term of 14 years. 0 a bankruptcy judge is called an article ii judge. 28 usca §§ 151 et seq. See article ii judge.
Forejudge
ub. 1. To prejudge; to judge beforehand. 2. Loosely, FORJUDGE.
Forjudge
ub. 1. Hist. To expel a person, esp. an officer or attorney, from court for some offense or misconduct. 2. To deprive (a person) of a thing by a judgment; to condemn (a person) to lose a thing. - Also spelled (loosely) forejudge.
Judge
n. A public official appointed or elected to hear and decide legal matters in court. - Abbr. J. (and, in plural, JJ.).
Judge Advocate General
The senior legal of ficer and chief legal adviser of the Army, Navy; or Air Force. - Abbr. JAG.
Judgement
See JUDGMENT
Judgeship
1. The office or authority of a judge. 2. The period of a judge's incumbency.
Magistrate Judge
U.S. See UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE.
Manual of the Judge Advocate General
The Secretary of the Navy's directive on military justice, with minor variations between rules applicable to the Navy and those applicable to the Marine Corps. - Also termed JAG Manual.
Parajudge
. See UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE.
Three-judge court
A court made up of three judges; esp., a panel of three federal judges convened to hear a trial in which a statute is challenged on constitutional grounds. Three judge courts were virtually abolished in 1976 when Congress restricted their jurisdiction to constitutional challenges to congres sional reapportionments.
United States Magistrate Judge
A federal judicial officer who hears civil and criminal pretrial matters and who may conduct civil trials or criminal misdemeanor trials. 28 USCA §§ 631-639. - Also termed federal magistrate and (before 1990) United States Magistrate.
abjudge oh), n. [Law Latin] The act of depriving a person of a. thing by judicial decision.
vb. Archaic. To take away or remove (something) by judicial decision. Cf. ADJUDGE. As a result of the trial a very solemn judgment is pronounced. The land is adjudged to the one party and his heirs, and abjudged (abiudicata) from the other party and his heirs for ever." 2 Frederick Pollock & Frederic W. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward 163 (2d ed. 1899).abjudicatio (ab joo-di-kay-shee-
adjudge
ub. 1. ADJUDICATE (1) 2. To deem or pronounce to be 3. to award judicially
administrative-law judge.
An official who presides at an administrative hearing and who has the power to administer oaths, take testimony, rule on questions of evidence, and make factual and legal determinations. 5 USCA § 556(c). -Abbr. ALJ. - Also termed hearing examiner; hearing officer; trial examiner.
associate judge
An appellate judge who is neither a chief judge nor a presiding judge. -Also termed puisne judge.
chief judge
See JUDGE.
circuit judge
1. A judge who sits on a circuit court; esp., a federal judge who sits on a U.S. court of appeals. 2. Hist. A special judge added to a court for the purpose of holding trials, but without being a regular member of the court. - Abbr. C.J.
city judge
See municipal judge.
continuing part-time judge
A judge who serves repeatedly on a part-time basis by election or under a continuing appointment.
county judge
A local judge having criminal or civil jurisdiction, or sometimes both, within a county.
de facto judge
A judge operating under color of law but whose authority is procedurally defective, such as a judge appointed under an unconstitutional statute.
district judge
A judge in a federal or state judicial district. - Abbr. D.J.
district judge.
See JUDGE.
election judge
1. A person appointed to supervise an election at the precinct level; a local representative of an election board. 2. English law. One of two puisne judges of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court selected to try election petitions.
forjudger
n. Hist. 1. A judgment that deprives a person of a thing. 2. A judgment of expulsion or banishment. - Also termed forisjudicdio;
hanging judge
A judge who is harsh with defendants, esp. those accused of capital crimes, and sometimes corruptly so
hanging judge.
See JUDGE.
judge advocate
Military law. 1. A legal adviser on a military commander's staff. 2. Any officer in the Judge Advocate General's Corps or in a department of a U.S. military branch. - Abbr. JA.
judge of probate
See probate judge.
judge ordinary
Hist. The judge of the English Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes from 1857-1875.
judge pro tempore
See visiting judge under JUDGE.
judge trial
See bench trial under TRIAL
judge's chamber
1. The private room or office of a judge. 2. Any place that a judge transacts official business when not holding a session of the court. See IN CAMERA.
judge-made law
1. The law established by judicial precedent rather than by statute. See COMMON LAW. 2. The law that results when judges construe statutes contrary to legislative intent. See JUDICIAL ACTIVISM. - Also termed (in sense 2) judicial legislation; bench legislation.
judge-shopping
The practice of filing several lawsuits asserting the same claims - in a court or a district with multiple judges - with the hope of having one of the lawsuits assigned to a favorable judge and to nonsuit or voluntarily dismiss the others. Cf. FORUM-SHOPPING.
lay judge
A judge who is not a lawyer.
military judge
A commissioned officer of the armed forces who is on active duty and is a member of a bar of a federal court or of the highest court of a state. ( The Judge Advocate General of the particular service must certify a military judge as qualified for duty. A military judge of a general court-martial must also be a member of an independent judiciary. A military judge is detailed to every general court-martial and usu. to a special court-martial.
municipal judge
See JUDGE.
ordered, adjudged, and decreed.
"The usual style of a decree is it is ordered, adjudged, and decreed'; and of an order or rule, it is ordered,' etc." 1 Henry Campbell Black, A Treatise on the Law of Judgments § 2, at 6-7 (2d ed. 1902).
president judge
See presiding judge under JUDGE.
presiding judge
1. A judge in charge of a particular court or judicial district; esp., the senior active judge on a three-member panel that hears and decides cases. 2. A chief judge. - Abbr. P.J. - Also termed president judge.
probate judge
See JUDGE.
puisne judge
[Law French puisne "later born"] 1. A junior judge; a judge without distinction or title. ( This was the title formerly used in English commonlaw courts for a judge other than the chief judge. Today puisne judge refers to any judge of the English High Court, apart from the Chief Justice. 2. See associate judge.
senior judge
1. The judge who has served for the longest time on a given court. 2. A federal judge who qualifies for senior status and chooses this status over retirement.
side judge
Archaic. A judge - or one of two judges - of inferior rank, associated with a judge of a higher rank for the purpose of constituting a court.
special judge
A judge appointed or selected to sit - usu. in a specific case - in the absence or disqualification of the regular judge or otherwise as provided by statute. "Many, if not all, jurisdictions have made provision for the selection of a substitute or special judge to serve in place of the regular judge in the event of disqualification, voluntary recusal, disability, or other absence of the regular judge. The circumstances under which a special or substitute judge may act in place of the regular judge, and the manner in which such a judge may be chosen, are matters of purely local regulation, entirely dependent on local constitutions and statutes." 46 Am. Jur. 2d Judges § 248, at 331 (1994).