Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Basse justice
[latin "low justice"] hist. A feudal lord's right to personally try a person charged with a minor offense.
Central American Court of Justice
A court created by a 1908 convention between Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, to guarantee the rights of the various republics to maintain peace and harmony in their relations and to prevent recourse to the use of force. ( The convention expired after ten years, and the court ceased to exist in 1918.
Chief Justice of England
The former title of the Lord Chief Justice of England.
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
Hist. Formerly, the presiding judge in the Court of Common Pleas. 0 The Judicature Act of 1875 merged the Common Pleas Division into the Queen's Bench Division, at which time the Lord Chief Justice assumed the office of the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. Cf. LORD CHIEF JUSTICE OF ENGLAND.
Code of Military Justice
The collection of substantive and procedural rules governing the discipline of members of the armed forces. 10 USCA ยงยง 801 et seq. - Also termed Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).
Court of Justice Seat
See COURT OF THE CHIEF JUSTICE IN EYRE.
Court of the Chief Justice in Eyre
Hist. An eyre court responsible for trying offenses against the forest laws. ( The jurisdiction of this Court was similar to that of the Court of Sweinmote. - Also termed Court of Justice Seat.
Department of Justice
The federal executive division that is responsible for federal law enforcement and related programs and services. The U.S. Attorney General heads this department, which has separate divisions for prosecuting cases under federal antitrust laws, tax laws, environmental laws, and criminal laws. The department also has a civil division that represents the U.S. government in cases involving tort claims and commercial litigation. -Abbr. DOJ.
Equal Access to Justice Act
A federal statute enacted in 1980 to allow the prevailing party in certain actions against the government to recover attorney's or expert-witness fees. Pub. L. No. 96-481, title 11, 94 Stat. 2325 (codified as amended in scattered sections of 5, 15, and 28 USCA). - Abbr. EAJA.
High Court of Justice.
The superior civil court of England and Wales. - Often shortened to High Court.
Injustice
1. An unjust state of affairs; unfairness. 2. An unjust act.
International Court of Justice.
The 15-member U.N. tribunal that sits primarily at The Hague, Netherlands, to adjudicate disputes between countries that voluntarily submit cases for decision. 0 Appeal from the court lies only with the U.N. Security Council. - Abbr. ICJ. - Also termed World Court.
Jedburgh justice
A brand of justice involving punishment (esp. execution) first and trial afterwards. ( The term alludes to Jedburgh, a Scottish border town where in the 17th century raiders were said to have been hanged without the formality of a trial. Jedburgh justice differs from lynch law in that the former was administered by an established court (albeit after the fact). - Also termed Jeddart justice; Jedwood justice. Cf. LIDFORD LAW; LYNCH LAW.
Jeddart justice
See Jedburgh justice under JUSTICE (1).
Jedwood justice
See Jedburgh justice under JUSTICE (1).
Justice
1. The fair and proper administration of laws.
Justicer
n. Archaic. One who administers justice; a judge.
Justiceship
1 The office or authority of a justice. 2. The period of a justice's incumbency.
Lord Chief Justice of England
The chief judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. ( The Lord Chief Justice also serves on the Court of Appeal, and ranks second only to the Lord Chancellor in the English judicial hierarchy. - Formerly termed Chief Justice of England. Cf. CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE COMMON PLEAS.
Lord Justice Clerk
The second judicial officer in Scotland, with special responsibility for criminal law.
Lord Justice General
The highest judicial officer in Scotland, and head of the High Court of Justiciary. ( The Lord Justice General also holds the office of Lord President of the Court of Session.
Lord Justice of Appeal
A judge of the English Court of Appeal. = Often shortened to lord justice. - Abbr. L.J. (or, in pl., either LL.J. or L.JJ.).
Uniform Code of Military Justice
1. CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE. 2. A model code promulgated by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws to govern state military forces when not in federal service. 11 U.L.A. 335 et seq. (1974). - Abbr. UCMJ.
administration of justice.
The maintenance of right within a political community by means of the physical force of the state; the state's application of the sanction of force to the rule of right.
associate justice
An appellate-court justice other than the chief justice.
chief justice
The presiding justice of an appellate court, usu. the highest appellate court in a jurisdiction and esp. the U.S. Supreme Court. - Abbr. C.J.
circuit justice
1 A justice who sits on a circuit court. 2. A U.S. Supreme Court justice who has jurisdiction over one or more of the federal circuits, with power to issue injunctions, grant bail, or stay execution in those circuits.
circuit-riding justice
Hist. A U.S. Supreme Court justice who, under the Judiciary Act of 1789, was required to travel within a circuit to preside over trials. ( In each of three circuits that then existed, two justices sat with one district judge. See CIRCUIT-RIDING.3. Hist. Judicial cognizance of causes or offenses; jurisdiction.
civil justice
The methods by which a society redresses civil wrongs. Cf CRIMINAL JUSTICE (1).
commutative justice
Justice concerned with the relations between persons and esp. with fairness in the exchange of goods and the fulfillment of contractual obligations.
criminal justice
1 The methods by which a society deals with those who are accused ofhaving committed crimes. See LAW ENFORCEMENT (1). 2. The field of study pursued by those seeking to enter law enforcement as a profession. 0 Many colleges offer degrees in criminal justice, typically after two to four years of study. - Also termed (in sense 2) police science; law enforcement.
criminal-justice system
The collective institutions through which an accused offender passes until the accusations have been disposed of or the assessed punishment concluded. ( The system typically has have three components: law enforcement (police, sheriffs, marshals), the judicial process (judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers), and corrections (prison officials, probation officers, and parole officers). - Also termed law-enforcement system.
denial of justice
Int'l law. A defect in a country's organization of courts or administration of justice, resulting in the country's violating its international legal duties to protect aliens. 0 A denial of justice is a wrongful act under international law. - Also termed justitia denegata; deni de justice; refus de justice.
distributive justice
Justice owed by a community to its members, including the fair disbursement of common advantages and sharing of common burdens.
ex officio justice
A judge who serves on a commission or board only because the law requires the presence of a judge rather than because the judge was selected for the position.
failure of justice
See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE.
fair play and substantial justice
The fairness requirement that a court must meet in its assertion of personal jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant to comport with due process. International Shoe Co. u. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 66 S.Ct. 154 (1945). See MINIMUM CONTACTS.
flee from justice
See FLIGHT
fugitive from justice
See FUGITIVE.
high justice
Hist. Jurisdiction over crimes of every kind, including high crimes.
high justice.
See JUSTICE (3)
justice court
A court, presided over by a justice of the peace, that has jurisdiction to hear cases involving small amounts of money or certain specified claims (such as forcibleentry-and-detainer suits). - Also termed justice-of-thepeace court; JP. court.
justice ejectment
See EJECTMENT.
justice in eyre
Hist. One of the itinerant judges who, in medieval times, investigated allegations of wrongdoing, tried cases, and levied fines. - Also termed justicia errante; justiciar in itinere. See EYRE.
justice in personam
See personal justice under JUSTICE (1).
justice in rem
See social justice.
justice of the peace
A local judicial officer having jurisdiction over minor criminal offenses and minor civil disputes, and authority to perform routine civil functions (such as administering oaths and performing marriage ceremonies). -Abbr. J.P. Cf. MAGISTRATE.
justice of the quorum
Hist. A distinction conferred on a justice of the peace by directing -in the commission authorizing the holding of quarter sessions - that from among those holding court must be two or more specially so named. ( The distinction was conferred on some, or occasionally all, of the justices of the peace of a county in England.
justice's warrant
See peace warrant under WARRANT (1).
justice-broker
Archaic. A judge who sells judicial decisions.