Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Justification
n. 1 A lawful or sufficient reason for one's acts or omissions. 2. A showing, in court, of a sufficient reason why a defendant did what the plaintiff or prosecution charges the defendant to answer for. - Also termed justification defense; necessity defense. 3. A surety's proof of having enough money or credit to provide security for the party for whom it is required. - justify, ub. - justificatory (jas-ti-fi-ka-tor-ee), adj. "A little bit of history: the term 'justification' was formerly used for cases where the aim of the law was not frustrated, while 'excuse' was used for cases where it was not thought proper to punish. Killing a dangerous criminal who had tried to avoid arrest was justified, since the law (if one may personify) wished this to happen, whereas killing in self-defence was merely excused. The distinction was important because justification was a defence to the criminal charge while an excuse was not, being merely the occasion for a royal pardon. By the end of the middle ages (it is difficult to assign a fixed date) even excuses were recognised by the courts, since when there has heel) nn reason to distinsuish between justifration and excuse." Glanville Williams, Textbook of Criminal Law 39 (1978).
cost justification
Under the Robinson-Patman Act, an affirmative defense against a charge of price discrimination dependent on the seller's showing that it incurs lower costs in serving those customers who are paying less. 15 USCA ยง 13(a).
imperfect justification
A reason or cause that is insufficient to completely justify a defendant's behavior but that can be used to mitigate criminal punishment.
imperfect justification.
See JUSTIFICATION.
justification defense
See JUSTIFICATION DEFENSE.