Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Elaboratus
n. [Latin] Property acquired by labor.
Fair Labor Standards Act
A federal law, enacted in 1938, that regulates minimum wages, overtime pay, and the employment of minors. 29 USCA §§ 201-219. - Abbr. FLSA.
Inutilis labor et sine fructu non est effectus legis
Useless and fruitless labor is not the effect of law.
Labor
n. 1. Work of any type, including mental exertion <the fruits of one's labor>. 9 The term usu. refers to work for wages as opposed to profits. 2. Workers considered as an economic unit or a political element <a dispute between management and labor over retirement benefits>. 3. A Spanish land measure equal to 177 1/7 acres. 0 This measure has been used in Mexico and was once used in Texas.
Labor Disputes Act
See MORRIS-LAGUARDIA ACT.
Labor Relations Board
See NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD.
Labor-Management Relations Act
A federal statute, enacted in 1947, that regulates certain union activities, permits suits against unions for proscribed acts, prohibits certain strikes and boycotts, and provides steps for settling strikes involving national emergencies. 29 USCA §§ 141 et seq. - Also termed TaftHartley Act. See NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD.
Laborariis
n. . [Latin "about laborers"] Hist. An ancient writ against a person who had no other means of support but refused to work throughout the year.
Laborer
1. A person who makes a living by physical labor. 2. WORKER.
Lex non praecipit inutilia, quia inutilis labor stultus
The law does not command useless things, because useless labor is foolish.
National Labor Relations Act
A federal statute regulating the relations between employers and employees and establishing the National Labor Relations Board. 29 USCA §§ 151-169. ( The statute is also known as the Wagner Act of 1935. It was amended by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 and the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959. - Also termed Wagner Act. - Abbr. NLRA.
National Labor Relations Board
A federal agency (created by the National Labor Relations Act) that regulates employer-employee relations by establishing collective bargaining, conducting union elections, and prohibiting unfair labor practices. 29 USCA § 153. - Abbr. NLRB. - Often shortened to Labor Relations Board.
Patria laboribus et expensis non debet fatigari
A jury ought not to be wearied with labors and expenses.
Railway Labor Act
A 1926 federal law giving transportation employees the right to organize without management interference and establishing guidelines for the resolution of labor disputes in the transportation industry. ( In 1934, the law was amended to include the airline industry and to establish the National Mediation Board. 45 USCA §§ 151-188. See NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD.
agricultural labor
work that is performed on a farm or ranch, or that pertains to the production of commodities, such as harvesting crops, raising livestock, or obtaining milk, honey, or other animal products. ( agricultural labor is often excluded from certain labor laws, such as unemployment insurance and workers' com-pensation.
american federation of labor and congress of industrial organizations
a voluntary affiliation of more than 100 labor unions that operate autonomously yet benefit from the affiliation's political activities and its establishment of broad policies for the national labor movement. - abbr. afl-cio.
certification of labor union
See UNION CERTIFICATION.
child-labor law
A state or federal statute that protects children by prescribing the necessary working conditions for children in a workplace.
compulsory labor
See FORCED LABOR.
elaborare
ub. [Latin] Hist. To gain, acquire, or purchase, as by labor and industry.
federal labor union
A local union directly chartered by the AF1rCI0. horizontal union. See craft union.
forced labor
Int'l law. Work exacted from a person under threat of penalty; work for which a person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. 0 Under the U.N. Convention on Civil and Political Rights (article 8), exemptions from this definition include (1) penalties imposed by a court, (2) compulsory military service, (3) action taken in an emergency, (4) normal civil obligations, and (5) minor communal services. - Also termed compulsory labor.
guaranteed annual wage plan. Labor law
A wage-payment method in which the employer agrees either to pay employees a predetermined minimum sum each year or to provide a minimum number of hours of employment each year. 0 A wide variety of guaranteed annual wage plans are used. For example, an employer may agree to pay employees wages for each week in the year, even though work may not be available at certain times of the year. The purpose of such a plan is to provide a stable labor force year-round.
hard labor.
Work imposed on prisoners as additional punishment, usu. for misconduct while in prison. ( Several states (such as Louisiana, Maine, and New Jersey) impose hard labor as a sentence for a variety of crimes. Hard labor is also imposed in military sentencing.
hot-cargo agreement. Labor law. A voluntary agreement between a union and a neutral employer by which the latter agrees to exert pressure on another employer with whom the union has a dispute, as by c
See LANDRUM-GRIFFIN ACT.
hybrid action. Labor law.
A lawsuit in which a union member asserts claims against the employer for breach of a collective bargaining agreement, and against the union for breach of the duty of fair representation.
labor agreement
An agreement between an employer and a union governing working conditions, wages, benefits, and grievances. - Also termed labor contract; union contract.
labor contract
See LABOR AGREEMENT.
labor dispute
A controversy between an employer and its employees concerning the terms or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of those who negotiate or seek to negotiate the terms or conditions of employment.
labor organization
See UNION,
labor union
See UNION. lacca. See LACTA.
labor-management relations
The broad spectrum of activities concerning the relationship between employers and employees, both union and nonunion. See FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT; NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT; NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD.
labor-relations act
A statute regulating relations between employers and employees. * Although the Labor-Management Relations Act is the chief federal labor-relations act, various states have enacted these statutes as well.
laboratory conditions
Labor law. The ideal conditions for a union election, in which the employees may exercise free choice without interference from the employer, the union, or anyone else.
laborer's lien
See mechanic's lien under LIEN.
laboring a jury
See EMBRACERY.
manual labor
Work performed chiefly through muscular exertion, with or without tools or machinery.
organized labor
1. Workers who are affiliated by membership in a union. 2. A union, or unions collectively, considered as a political force.
pro opere et labore
[Latin] For work and labor.
sue-and-labor clause
Marine insurance. A provision providing that the marine insurer will cover the costs incurred by the insured in protecting the covered property from damage or minimizing actual damages to the property. -Also termed rescue clause. "Some insurance today is written against 'all risks' Besides the perils clause recovery under the policy can be had on the entirely separate 'sue and labor' clause Under this clause, the underwriter may become liable for certain charges incurred by the assured in caring for the insured property, whether or not there is any actual loss or damage. Where sue-and-labor charges are incurred and loss also occurs, the underwriter may become liable for more than the policy amount, which limits only a claim for loss of or damage to the goods or vessel." Grant Gilmore & Charles L. Black, Jr., The Lace of Admiralty § 2-10, at 75 (2d ed. 1975).
super statuto versus servantes et laboratores
n. [Law Latin] Hist. 1. A writ against someone who employs laborers who unlawfully left former employments. 2. A writ against a person who refused to work at the required wage.
unfair labor practice
Any conduct prohibited by state or federal law governing the relations among employers, employees, and labor organizations. ( Examples of unfair labor practices by an employer include (1) interfering with protected employee rights, such as the right to self-organization, (2) discriminating against employees for union-related activities, (3) retaliating against employees who have invoked their rights, and (4) refusing to engage in collective bargaining. Examples of unfair labor practices by a labor organization include causing an employer to discriminate against an employee, engaging in an illegal strike or boycott, causing an employer to pay for work not to be performed (i.e., featherbedding), and refusing to engage in collective bargaining. 29 USCA §§ 151-169.
work and labor
Hist. A common count in an action of assumpsit for the work and labor performed and materials furnished by the plaintiff. See ASSUMPSIT.