Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Latin
The language of the ancient Romans and a primary language of the civil, canon, and (formerly) common law. "The value of the Latin has always consisted in its peculiar expressiveness as a language of law terms, in its superior conciseness which has made it the appropriate language of law maxims, and in its almost unlimited capacity of condensation by means of abbreviations and contractions, many of which are retained in popular use at the present day." 2 Alexander M. Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary 131 (2d ed. 1867). "The Latin maxims have largely disappeared from arguments and opinions. In their original phraseology they convey no idea that cannot be well expressed in modern English." William C. Anderson, Law Dictionaries, 28 Am. L. Rev. 531, 532 (1894).
Latinarius
n. [Latin] Hist. An interpreter of Latin.
Law Latin
A corrupted form of Latin formerly used in law and legal documents, including judicial writs, royal charters, and private deeds. ( It primarily consists of a mixture of Latin, French, and English words used in English sentence structures. - Abbr. L.L.; L. Lat. -Also written law Latin "LAW LATIN. A technical kind of Latin, in which the pleadings and proceedings of the English courts were enrolled and recorded from a very early period to the reign of George II The principal peculiarities of this language consist first, in its construction, which is adapted so closely to the English idiom as to answer to it sometimes word for word; and, secondly, in the use of numerous words 'not allowed by grammarians nor having any countenance of Latin,' but framed from the English by merely adding a Latin termination, as murdrum from murder ...." 2 Alexander M. Burrill, A Law Dictionary and Glossary 135 (2d ed. 1867). "Law Latin, sometimes formerly called 'dog Latin,' is the bastardized or debased Latin formerly used in law and legal documents. For the most part, we have escaped its clutches. In 1730, Parliament abolished Law Latin in legal proceedings, but two years later found it necessary to allow Latin phrases that had previously been in common use, such as fieri facias, habeas corpus, ne exeat, and nisi prius. As Blackstone would later say, some Latinisms were 'not capable of an English dress with any degree of seriousness.' 3 William Blackstone, Commentaries 323 (1768)." Bryan A. Garner, A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage 505 (2d ed. 1995).
abjudge oh), n. [Law Latin] The act of depriving a person of a. thing by judicial decision.
vb. Archaic. To take away or remove (something) by judicial decision. Cf. ADJUDGE. As a result of the trial a very solemn judgment is pronounced. The land is adjudged to the one party and his heirs, and abjudged (abiudicata) from the other party and his heirs for ever." 2 Frederick Pollock & Frederic W. Maitland, The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward 163 (2d ed. 1899).abjudicatio (ab joo-di-kay-shee-
agreement relating to liability limitation of the warsaw convention and the hague protocol.
see montreal agreement.
circulating capital
See floating capital.
county palatine
Hist. A county in which the lord held certain royal privileges, such as the right to pardon a felon or to have indictments recite that offenses were committed against the lord's - rather than the king's - peace. 0 In England, there were three such counties: Chester, Durham, and Lancaster. The separate legal systems in these counties was slowly eliminated; the last vestiges of a separate system were abolished by the Courts Act (1971). Cf. proprietary government under GOVERNMENT.
honeste uivere ([h]a-nes-tee vi-va-ree). [Latin] Roman law. To live honestly. 0 This was one of the three general precepts in which Justinian expressed the requirements of the law. Cf. ALTERUM NON LAE
See FULL-REPORTING CLAUSE (1).
latini juniani
n. [Latin] Roman law. A class of former slaves who, although they were freed, did not acquire full rights of citizenship. - Also spelled latini iuniani. - Also termed libertini. See LEX JUNIA NORBANA. Cf. INGENUUS; SERVUS. "Upon all these persons ... a new and definite status was conferred; they were henceforth to be known as Latini Juniani, their position being based upon Latinitas, a status which had been enjoyed by certain Latin colonists. A Latinus Junianus had no public rights But he had part of the commercium, i.e. he could acquire proprietary and other rights inter vivos, but not mortis causd. A Latinus Junianus, therefore, could neither take under a will nor could he make one But, subject to these disabilities, a Latinus Junianus was a free man, and his children, though not, like the children of citizens, under his potestas, were free-born citizens." R.W. Leage, Roman Private Law 68-69 (C.H. Ziegler ed., 2d ed. 1930).
percolating water
Water that oozes or seeps through the soil without a defined channel .(such as rainwater or other water that has lost its status as part of a stream). Percolating water usu. constitutes part of the land on which it is found.