Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Aliquid conceditur ne injuria remaneat ampunita quod alias non concederetur
Something is conceded that otherwise would not be conceded, so that a wrong not remain unpuir ished.
Contra veritatem lex nunquam aliquid permittit
The law never allows anything contrary to truth.
Cuicunque aliquid conceditur, conceditur etiam et id sine quo res ipsa non esse potuit
To whomever anything is granted, that also is granted without which the thing itself could not exist.
Est aliquid quod non oportet etiam si licet; quicquid vero non licet certe non oportet.
There is that which is not proper, even though permitted; but whatever is not permitted is certainly not proper.
Illiquid asset
an asset that is not readily convertible into cash, usu. Because of (1) the lack of demand, (2) the absence of an established market, or (3) the substantial cost or time required for liquidation (such as for real property, even when it is desirable).
In genere quicunque aliquid dicit, sine actor sine reus, necesse est ut probat.
In general, whoever alleges anything, whether plaintiff or defendant, must prove it.
Lex non intendit aliquid impossibile
The law does not intend anything impossible.
Liquid
adj. 1. (Of an asset) capable of being readily converted into cash. 2. (Of a person or entity) possessing assets that can be readily converted into cash.
Liquidate
vb. 1. To determine by litigation or agreement the amount of (damages or indebtedness). 2. To settle (an obligation) by payment or other adjustment. 3. To ascertain the liabilities and distribute the assets of (an entity), esp. in bankruptcy or dissolution. 4. To convert (a nonliquid asset) into cash. 5. To liquidate something, such as a debt or corporation. 6. Slang. To get rid of (a person), esp. by killing.
Liquidated
adj. 1. (Of an amount or debt) settled or determined, esp. by agreement. 2. (Of an asset or assets) converted into cash.
Liquidation
n. 1. The act of determining by agreement or by litigation the exact amount of something (as a debt or damages) that before was uncertain. 2. The act of settling a debt by payment or other satisfaction. 3. The act or process of converting assets into cash, esp. to settle debts. one-month liquidation. A special election, available to certain shareholders, that determines how the distributions received in liquidation by electing shareholders will be treated for federal income-tax purposes. ( To qualify for the election, the corporation must be completely liquidated within one month. IRC § 333 (26 USCA § 333).
Liquidator
A person appointed to wind up a business's affairs, esp. by selling off its assets. See LIQUIDATION (3), (4). Cf RECEIVER.
Liquidity
1. The quality or state of being readily convertible to cash. 2. Securities. The characteristic of having enough units in the market that large transactions can occur without substantial price variations. ( Most stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange, for example, have liquidity.
Nihil perfectum est dum aliquid restat agendum
Nothing is perfect while something remains to be done.
Pacto aliquid licitum est quod sine pacto non admittitur
By agreement (or contract) something is permitted that, without agreement, is not allowed. 0 Coke continues, "but not in violation of public law." Co. Litt. 166.
Quamvis aliquid per se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non est faciendum
Although in itself a thing may not be bad, yet if it serves as a bad example, it is not to be done.
Quando aliquid conceditur, conceditur id sine quo illud fieri non posit
When anything is granted, that also is granted without which it cannot take effect.
Quando aliquid mandatur, mandatur et omne per quod pervenitur ad illud
When anything is commanded, everything by which it can be accomplished is also commanded.
Quando aliquid per se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non est faciendum
When anything by itself is not evil, and yet if it is an example for evil, it is not to be done.
Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum
When anything is prohibited directly, it is also prohibited indirectly.
Quando aliquid prohibetur, prohibetur omne per quod devenitur ad illud
When anything is prohibited, everything by which it is arrived at is prohibited.
Quando aliquis aliquid concedit, concedere videtur et id sine quo res uti non potest
When a person grants a thing, he is supposed to grant that also without which the thing cannot be used.
Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere videtur id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest
When the law grants anything to anyone, it is Considered to grant that without which the thing itself cannot be (the sine qua non). 5 Coke 47.
Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, omnia incidentia tacite conceduntur
When the law gives anything to anyone, it gives tacitly all that is incident to it.
Qui aliquid statuerit parte inaudita altera, aequum licet dixerit, haud aequum fecerit
One who has decided anything without hearing the other party, even though he has said what is right, has done wrong.
Qui concedit aliquid, concedere videtur et id sine quo res ipsa esse non potuit (sine quo concessio est irrita)
A person who grants anything is considered as granting that without which the thing itself could not be (without which the grant is invalid).( More precisely, Cuicunque aliquis quid concedit (q.v.). 11 Coke 52.
Qui pro me aliquid facit, mihi fecisse videtur
A person who does something in my behalf is considered to have done it to me (for me).( "To do a service for a man is to do it to him." 2 Co. Inst. 500.
Sententia non fertur de rebus non liquidis
Judgment is not given upon matters that are not clear.
Si aliquid ex solemnibus deficiat, cum aequitas poscit subveniendum est
If anything is lacking from formal requirements, when equity requires, it will be supplied.
Ubi aliquid conceditur, conceditur et id sine quo res ipsa esse non potest
When anything is granted, that also is granted without which the thing itself cannot exist.
Ubi aliquid impeditur propter unum, eo remoto, tollitur impedimentum.
When anything is impeded by reason of one thing, when that is removed, the impediment is removed.
Ubi quid generaliter conceditur, inest but exceptio, si non aliquid sit contra jus faa que
Where a thing is granted in general term this exception is implied: if there is not am, thing contrary to law and right.
Universitas vel corporatio non dicitur aliquid facere nisi id sit collegialiter deliberatum, etiamsi major pars id faciat
A university or corporation is not said to take any action unless the action was resolved by it as a body, even if a greater part of the body should act.
Unliquidated
adj. Not previously specified or determined <unliquidated damages>. unliquidated claim See CLAIM (s).
Verba aliquid operari debent-debent intelligi ut aliquid operentur
Words ought to have some effect-words ought to be understood so as to have some effect.
Verba aliquid operari debent; verba cum effectu sunt accipienda
Words ought to have some effect; words must be taken so as to have effect.
Verba debent intelligi ut aliquid operentur
Words ought to be so understood that they may have some effect.
Verba quae aliquid operari possunt non debent esse superflua
Words that can have some effect ought not to be (treated as) superfluous.
distribution in liquidation
See liquidating distribution under DISTRIBUTION.
illiquid asset
See ASSET.
liquid asset
see current asset.
liquid debt
A debt that is due immediately and unconditionally.
liquidated amount
A figure readily computed, based on an agreement's terms. liquidated claim See CLAIM (3).
liquidated claim
A claim for an amount previously agreed on by the parties or that can be precisely determined by operation law or by the terms of the parties' agreement. - Also termed liquidated demand.
liquidated damages
An amount contractually stipulated as a reasonable estimation of actual damages to be recovered by one party if the other party breaches. ( If the parties to a contract have agreed on liquidated damages, the sum fixed is the measure of damages for a breach, whether it exceeds or falls short of the actual damages. - Also termed stipulated damages; estimated damages. See LIQUIDATED-DAMAGES CLAUSE. Cf. unliquidated damages; PENALTY CLAUSE. "Where the terms of a contract specify a sum payable for non-performance, it is a question of construction whether this sum is to be treated as a penalty or as liquidated damages. The difference in effect is this: The amount recoverable in case of a penalty is not the sum named,but the damage actually incurred. The amount recoverable as liquidated damages is the sum named as such. In construing these terms a judge will not accept the phraseology of the parties; they may call the sum specified 'liquidated damages,' but if the judge finds it to be a penalty, he will treat it as such." William R. Anson, Principles of the Law of Contract 470 (Arthur L. Corbin ed., 3d Am. ed. 1919). "The distinction between a penalty and genuine liquidated damages, as they are called, is not always easy to apply, but the Courts have made the task simpler by laying down certain guiding principles. In the first place, if the sum payable is so large as to be far in excess of the probable damage on breach, it is almost certainly a penalty. Secondly, if the same sum is expressed to be payable on any one of a number of different breaches of varying importance, it is again probably a penalty, because it is extremely unlikely that the same damage would be caused by these varying breaches. Thirdly, where a sum is expressed to be payable on a certain date, and a further sum in the event of default being made, this latter sum is prima facie a penalty, because mere delay in payment is unlikely to cause damage. Finally, it is to be noted that the mere use of the words 'liquidated damages' is not decisive, for it is the task of the Court and not of the parties to decide the true nature of the sum payable." P.S. Atiyah, An Introduction to the Law of Contract 316-17 (3d ed. 1981).
liquidated debt
A debt whose amount has been determined by agreement of the parties or by operation of law.
liquidated demand
See liquidated claim under CLAIM (2).
liquidated-damages clause
A contractual provision that determines in advance the measure of damages if a party breaches the agreement. ( Traditionally, courts have upheld such a clause unless the agreed-on sum is deemed a penalty for one of the following reasons: (1) the sum grossly exceeds the probable damages on breach, (2) the same sum is made payable for any variety of different breaches (some major, some minor), or (3) a mere delay in payment has been listed among the events of default. Cf. LIMITATION-OF-REMEDIES CLAUSE; PENALTY CLAUSE.
liquidating distribution
A distribution of trade or business assets by a dissolving corporation or partnership. - Also termed distribution in liquidation.
liquidating dividend
See liquidation dividend under DIVIDEND.