Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Divinatio, non interpretatio, est quae omnino recedit a litera
It is a guess, not interpretation, that altogether departs from the letter.
Litera
n. [Latin "letter"] Hist. 1. A letter. 2. The letter of a law, as distinguished from its spirit. Pl. literae. - Also spelled litterae. See LETTER (3).
Literae patentes regis non erunt vacuae
Letters patent of the king will not be void.
Literal
adj. According to expressed language. ( Literal performance of a condition requires exact compliance with its terms.
Literary
adj. Of or relating to literature, books, or writings.
Literate
adj. 1. Able to read and write a language. 2. Knowledgeable and educated. - literacy, n.
Literature
n. [Latin fr. litera "a letter"] Hist. Education. ( Ad literaturam ponere means the right to educate one's children, esp. male children. During feudal times, servile tenants could not educate their children without the lord's consent.
Obliterate
vb. 1. To wipe out, rub off, or erase (a writing or other markings). 2. To remove from existence; to destroy all traces of. -obliteration, n. obliterated corner. See CORNER.
Qui haeret in litera, haeret in cortice
One who clings to the letter clings to the shell (or surface).
Si suggestio non sit vera, literae patentes vacuae sunt
If the suggestion is not true, the letters patent are void.
Vox emissa volat;litera scripta manet
The uttered voice files the written letter remains.
colliterales et socii
[Law Latin "assistants and associa Hist. In England, the former title of assist to the Chancery judges (i.e., masters in t cery).
comparatio literarum
[Latin "comparison of writings"] Roman law. The act of comparing writings to ascertain authorship. ( Even under Roman law, handwriting experts (comparatores) sometimes testified about a document's authenticity.
comprehensive nonliteral similarity
Similarity evidenced by the copying of the protected work's general ideas or structure (such as a movie's plot) without using the precise words or phrases of the work. - Also termed pattern similarity.
fragmented literal similarity
Similarity evidenced by the copying of verbatim portions of the protected work.
law and literature
1. Traditionally, the study of how lawyers and legal institutions are depicted in literature; esp., the examination of law-related fiction as sociological evidence of how a given culture, at a given time, views law. - Also termed law in literature. 2. More modernly, the application of literary theory to legal texts, 'focusing esp. on lawyers' rhetoric, logic, and style, as well as legal syntax and semantics. - Also termed law as literature. 3. The field or movement in which scholars devote themselves to this study or application. 4. The body of work produced by these scholars.
law as literature
See LAW AND LITERATURE. law between states. See INTERNATIONAL LAW.
law in literature
See LAW AND LITERATURE.
lego-literary
adj. Rare. Of or relating to law and literature. See LAW AND LITERATURE.
litera legis
See LETTER OF THE LAW.
literacy test
A test of one's ability to read and write, formerly required in some states as a condition for registering to vote. ( Congress banned this nee of literary tests in 1Q7r,
literae mortuae
n. [Latin] Hist. Dead letters; filler words in a statute.
literae patentes
n. [Law Latin "open letters"] See LETTERS PATENT (1).
literae procuratoriae
n. [Law Latin] Hist. Letters of procuration; letters of attorney; power of attorney. See POWER OF ATTORNEY.
literae recognitionis
n. [Latin] Hist. A bill of lading. See BILL OF LADING.
literae scriptae manent
n. [Latin] Hist. Written words last.
literae sigillatae
n. [Latin] Hist. Sealed letters. 0 A sheriff's return on a writ was often called literate sigillatae.
literal canon
See STRICT CONSTRUCTIONISM.
literal construction
See strict construction.
literal contract
1 Roman law. A type of written contract originally created by - and later evidenced by - an entry of the sum due on the debit side of a ledger, binding a signatory even though the signatory receives no consideration. See LITERIS OBLIGATIO.
literal infringement
Patents. Infringement in which every element and every limitation of a patent claim is present, exactly, in the accused product or process. Cf. DOCTRINE of EQUIVALENTS.
literal interpretation
See strict construction under CONSTRUCTION.
literal proof
Civil law. Written evidence. Cf. testimonial proof.
literal rule
See STRICT CONSTRUCTIONISM.
literary composition
An original expression of mental effort in written words arranged in an intelligent and purposeful order. See LITERARY WORK.
literary property
1.The physical property in which an intellectual production is embodied, such as a book, screenplay, or lecture. 2. An owner's exclusive right to possess, use, and dispose of such a production. See COPYRIGHT; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
literary work
A work, other than an audiovisual work, that is expressed in words, numbers, or other symbols, regardless of the medium that embodies it. 17 USCA § 101. "Copyright protection extends to literary works which are defined as works, other than audiovisual works, expressed in words, numbers, or other verbal or numerical symbols or indicia, regardless of the nature of the material objects, such as books, periodicals, manuscripts, phonorecords, film, tapes, disks, or cards in which they are embodied. The term 'literary work' does not connote any criterion of literary merit or qualitative value and includes catalogs and directories; similar factual, reference or instructional works; compilations of data; computer data bases, and computer programs." 18 Am. Jur. 2d Copyright and Literary Property § 25, at 360 (1985).
nonliteral infringement
See DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS.
obliterated corner
A corner that can be located only with evidence other than that put in place by the original surveyor.2. The acquisition of control over all or a dominant quantity of a commodity with the purpose of artificially enhancing the price, carried out by purchases and sales of the commodity - and of options and futures - in a way that depresses the market price so that the participants are enabled to purchase the commodity at satisfactory prices and withhold it from the market for a time, thereby inflating its price. ( A corner accomplished by confederation, with the purpose of raising or depressing prices and operating on the market, is a criminal conspiracy if the means are unlawful.