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Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.

Admiralty, First Lord.

See FIRST LORD OF THE ADMIRALTY.

Court of the Lord High Admiral

See HIGH COURT OF ADMIRALTY.

Court of the Lord High Constable and Earl Marshal

Hist. A court having jurisdiction over diverse military matters, such as treason, prisoners of war, and disputed coats of arms. ( The Lord High Constable and the Earl Marshal were the top military officials of the Norman kings. After the office of Lord High Constable was forfeited in 1521, the court continued on as the Court of the Earl Marshal, but its jurisdiction was reduced to questions of chivalry only. Cf. HIGH COURT OF CHIVALRY.

Court of the Lord High Steward

Hist. A court commissioned to try a peer indicted for treason or a felony. ( The Court met only if the House of Lords was not in session. The Lord High Steward sat as a judge and decided questions of law, and the peers decided facts only. The Court last sat in 1688.

Court of the Lord High Steward of the Universities

Hist. A court convened to try scholars, esp. Oxford or Cambridge students, who have been indicted for treason, felony, or mayhem.

First Lord of the Admiralty

Hist. In Britain, a minister and one of the lord commissioners who presided over the navy. ( The First Lord was assisted by other lords, called Sea Lords, and various secretaries.

First Lord of the Treasury

English law. The chief officer in charge of the treasury. ( Today, this position is held by the Prime Minister.

House of Lords.

The upper chamber of the British Parliament, of which the 11-member judicial committee provides judges who serve as the final court of appeal in most civil cases. ( In practice, the Lords sit as committees, usu. of five but occasionally of seven. Two committees may sit simultaneously. - Abbr. H.L. - Also termed Lords

Landlord

1. At common law, the feudal lord who retained the fee of the land. 2. One who leases real property to another. - Also termed (in sense 2) lessor.

Law Lord

A member of the appellate committee of the House of Lords, consisting of the Lord Chancellor, the salaried Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and any peer who holds or has held high judicial office. - Also written law lord.

Lord

1.A title of honor or nobility belonging properly to a baron but applied also to anyone who attains the rank of a peer. - Abbr. L. 2. (cap. & pl.) HOUSE OF LORDS. 3. A property owner whose land is in a tenant's possession; LANDLORD (1).

Lord Advocate

Scots law. An important political functionary in Scottish affairs who acts as the principal Crown counsel in civil cases, the chief public prosecutor of crimes, and legal adviser to the government on matters of Scots law. - Formerly also termed King's advocate.

Lord Campbell's Act

1 The 1846 English statute that created a wrongful-death claim for the relatives of a decedent when the decedent would have had a claim if he or she had been merely injured and not killed. ( Technically known as the Fatal Accidents Act of 1846, this statute changed the earlier rule, under which a tortfeasor who would have been liable to another escaped liability if the victim died. Cf. WRONGFUL-DEATH ACTION. "The common law not only denied a tort recovery for injury once the tort victim had died, it also refused to recognize any new and independent cause of action in the victim's dependents or heirs for their own loss at his death .... The result was that it was cheaper for the defendant to kill the plaintiff than to injure him, and that the most grievous of all injuries left the bereaved family of the victim, who frequently were destitute, without a remedy. Since this was intolerable, it was changed in England by the passage of the Fatal Accidents Act of 1846, otherwise known as Lord Campbell's Act, which has become a generic name for similar statutes." Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts ยง 127, at 945 (W. Page Keeton ed., 5th ed. 1984). 2. An American state's wrongful-death statute patterned after the original English act.

Lord Chamberlain

The second officer of the royal household in ngland, who serves as a peer, a privy councilor, and a member of the ruling government. - Also termed lord chamberlain of the household.

Lord Chancellor

The highest judicial officer in England. ( The Lord Chancellor sits as speaker of the House of Lords, is a member of the Cabinet, and presides at appellate judicial proceedings. - Also termed Lord High Chancellor; Keeper of the King's Conscience.

Lord Chief Justice of England

The chief judge of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice. ( The Lord Chief Justice also serves on the Court of Appeal, and ranks second only to the Lord Chancellor in the English judicial hierarchy. - Formerly termed Chief Justice of England. Cf. CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE COMMON PLEAS.

Lord Denman's Act

See DENMAN'S ACT.

Lord High Chancellor

See LORD CHANCELLOR.

Lord High Steward

Hist. The speaker pro tempore and presiding officer in the House of Lords during a criminal trial of a peer for a felony or for treason. ( The privilege of peerage in criminal proceedings was abolished in 1948.

Lord High Treasurer

Hist. An officer in charge of the royal revenues and customs duties, and of leasing the Crown lands. ( The functions of the Lord High Treasurer are now vested in the lords commissioners of the treasury.

Lord Justice Clerk

The second judicial officer in Scotland, with special responsibility for criminal law.

Lord Justice General

The highest judicial officer in Scotland, and head of the High Court of Justiciary. ( The Lord Justice General also holds the office of Lord President of the Court of Session.

Lord Justice of Appeal

A judge of the English Court of Appeal. = Often shortened to lord justice. - Abbr. L.J. (or, in pl., either LL.J. or L.JJ.).

Lord Keeper

See KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL.

Lord Keeper of the Great Seal

See KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL.

Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

See LORD PRIVY SEAL.

Lord Langdale's Act

See WILLS ACT (2).

Lord Lieutenant

1 An honorary officeholder who is the Queen's representative in a county and the principal military officer there, originally appointed to muster the inhabitants to defend the country. 2. The former viceroy of the Crown in Ireland.

Lord Lyndhurst's Act

See LYNDHURST'S ACT.

Lord Mansfield's rule

The principle that neither spouse may testify about whether the husband had access to the wife at the time of a child's conception. a In effect, this rule -which has been abandoned by many states -made it impossible to bastardize a child born during a marriage.

Lord President

The highest judicial officer in Scotland, and head of the Court of Session. e The Lord President also holds the office of Lord Justice General of Scotland.

Lord Privy Seal

English law. An officer who has custody of the privy seal and who authenticates either a state document before it passes to receive the Great Seal or a document that does not require the Great Seal because of its minor importance. ( The Lord Privy Seal has nominal official duties but is often made a member of the British cabinet. -Also termed Keeper of the Privy Seal; Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal; Privy Seal.

Lord Tenterden's rule

See EJUSDEM GENERIS,

Lord of Appeal

A member of the House of Lords, of whom at least three must be present for the hearing and determination of appeals, and including the Lord Chancellor, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and the peers that have held high judicial offices, such as ex-chancellors and judges of the superior court in Great Britain and Ireland.

Lord of Appeal in Ordinary

A person appointed and salaried to aid the House of Lords in the hearing of appeals. ( These lords rank as barons for life, and sit and vote in the House of Lords even after retirement.

Lord of Parliament

A member of the House of Lords.

Lord's Day Act

See BLUE LAW.

Lords

See HOUSE OF LORDS.

Lords Marchers

See MARCHERS.

Lordship

1.Dominion. 2. An honorary title used for a nobleman other than a duke. 3. A customary title for a judge or some other public official.

Treasury, First Lord

See FIRST LORD OF THE TREASURY.

absentee landlord

A landlord who does not live on the leased premises - and usu. who lives far away. - Also termed absentee management.

chief lord

Hist. The immediate lord of a fee, to whom the tenants were directly and personally responsible.

ground landlord.

Hist. The grantor of an estate on which ground rent is reserved. See ground rent under RENT (1).

landlord's lien

1. At common law, a lien that gave a landlord the right to seize a tenant's property and sell it publicly to satisfy overdue rent. See DISTRESS. 2. Generally, a statutory lien on a tenant's personal property at the leased premises in favor of a landlord who receives preferred-creditor status on that property. ( Such. a lien usu. secures the payment of overdue rent or compensation for damage to the premises.

landlord's warrant

See WARRANT

landlord-and-tenant relationship

See land LORD-TENANT RELATIONSHIP. landlord's lien.

landlord-tenant relationship

The familiar 1 gal relationship existing between the lessor ar lessee of real estate. 0 The relationship is coy tractual, created by a lease (or agreement f< lease) for a term of years, from year to year, fc life, or at will, and exists when one perso occupies the premises of another with the le sor's permission or consent, subordinated 1 the lessor's title or rights. There must be landlord's reversion, a tenant's estate, transfE of possession and control of the premises, an (generally) an express or implied contract. -Also termed landlord-and-tenant relationshij See LEASE.

liege lord

n. Hist. See LIEGE (3).

lord in gross

Hist. A lord holding the title plot by virtue of a manor; a lord without a manor.