Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Ad vim majorem vel ad casus fortuitos non tenetur quis, nisi sua culpa intervenerit
No one is held to answer for the effects of superior force or accidents, unless his own fault has contributed.
Cognomen majorum est ex sanguine tractum, hoc intrinsecum est; agnomen extrinsecum ab eventu
The cognomen is derived from the blood of ancestors and is intrinsic; an agnomen (or honorary title) arises from an event, and is extrinsic.
Confessio facta in judicio amni probatione major est
A confession made in court is of greater effect than any proof.
Derivativa potestas non potest esse major primitiva
Power that is derived cannot be greater than that from which it is derived.
In majore summa continetur minor
In the greater sum is contained the less.
In praesentia majoris potestatis, minor potestas cessat
In the presence of the superior power, the minor power ceases.
Maihemium est inter crimina majora mini. mum, et inter minora maximum
Mayhem is the least of great crimes, and the greatest among small.
Major
n. See ADULT
Major continet in se minus
The greater includes the less.
Major haereditas venit unicuique nostrum a jure et legibus quam a parentibus
A greater inheritance comes to every one of us from right and the laws than comes from parents.
Major numerus in se continet minorem
The greater number contains in itself the less.
Majore poena affectus quam legibus statuta est non est infamis
A criminal afflicted with a greater punishment than is provided by law is not infamous. 4 Co. Inst. 66.
Majores
n. [Latin "greater persons"] 1. Roman law. Ancestors; forebears. -Also spelled maiores. 2. Hist. Greater persons; persons of a higher status.
Majori summae minor inest
The lesser is included in the greater sum.
Mary Major
See JANE DOE
Minima poena corporalis est major qualibet pecuniaria
The smallest bodily punishment is greater than any pecuniary one.
Necessitas publica major est quam privata
Public necessity is greater than private necessity.
Non est singulis concedendum quod per magistratum publice possit fieri, ne occasio sit majoris tumultus faciendi
That is not to be conceded to private persons which can be publicly done by the magistrate, lest it be the occasion of greater tumult.
Quae praeter consuetudinem et morem majorum fiunt, neque placent neque recta videntur
What is done contrary to the custom and usage of our ancestors neither pleases nor is considered right.
Quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris infamiae
Offenses that are of lesser guilt are of greater infamy.
Quaelibet poena corporalis, quamvis minima, major est qualibet poena pecuniaria
Every corporal punishment, although the very least, is greater than any pecuniary punishment.
Quod in minori valet, valebit in majori; et quod in majori non valet, nee valebit in minori
What avails in the less will avail in the greater; and what does not avail in the greater will not avail in the less.
Quod pro minore licitum est et pro majore licitum est
What is lawful in the lesser is also lawful in the greater.
Ubi major pars est, ibi totum
Where the greater part is, there is the whole.
Universitas vel corporatio non dicitur aliquid facere nisi id sit collegialiter deliberatum, etiamsi major pars id faciat
A university or corporation is not said to take any action unless the action was resolved by it as a body, even if a greater part of the body should act.
Vix ulla lex fieri potest quae omnibus commoda sit, sed si majori parti prospiciat, utilis est
Scarcely any law can be made that is advantageous to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful.
absolute majority
A majority of all those who are entitled to vote in a particular election, whether or not they actually cast ballots. See QUORUM.
age of majority
the age, usu. defined by statute as 18 years, at which a person attains full legal rights, esp. civil and political rights such as the right to vote. - also termed lawful age. 2. see age of capacity.
casus major
[Latin] An extraordinary casualty.
extraordinary majority
See supermajority under MAJORITY.
in majorem cautelam
adv. [Latin] For a greater security.
major action
Environmental law. An undertaking that has had or will have a significant impact on the environment, for which an environmental-impact statement usu. must be filed under some state laws and under the National Environmental Policy Act. Cf. MAJOR-FEDERAL ACTION.
major annus
[Latin "the greater year"] A leap year, made up of 366 days.
major crime
See FELONY.
major disaster
A hurricane, tornado, storm, flood, earthquake, drought, fire, or other catastrophe that, when it occurs within the United States, the President determines to be a sufficiently severe threat to warrant disaster assistance by the federal government. ( When the President declares a major disaster, the federal government supplements the efforts and available resources of states and local governments and relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, and suffering caused by the catastrophe. 40 CFR § 109.2. major dispute. See DISPUTE.
major dispute
Labor law. Under the Railway Labor Act, a disagreement about basic working conditions, often resulting in a new collective-bargaining agreement or a change in the existing agreement. 0 Under the Act, two classes of disputes - major and minor -are subject to mandatory arbitration. 45 USCA § 155. - Also termed new-contract dispute.
major federal action
Environmental law. An undertaking by a federal agency that will have a significant impact on the environment, such as constructing an aqueduct or dam, constructing a highway through wetlands, or adopting certain agency regulations. 0 Under the National Environmental Policy Act, a federal agency that plans to take a major federal action that may significantly affect the environment is required to prepare and file an environmentalimpact statement, along with any public comments, with the Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR §§ 1506.9, 1508.18
major life activity
Any activity that an average person in the general population can perform with little or no difficulty, such as seeing, hearing, sleeping, eating, walking, traveling, and working. ( A person who is substantially limited in a major life activity is protected from discrimination under a variety of disability laws, most significantly the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act. 42 USCA § 12102(2); 29 USCA § 705(9)(B). See AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT.
major trend
A long-term trend of the stock market; a general increase or decrease of stock prices over an extended period. - Also termed fundamental trend.
major-and-minor fault rule
See MAJORrMINOR FAULT RULE.
major-minor fault rule
Maritime law. The principle that if the fault of one vessel in a collision is uncontradicted and sufficient to account for the accident, then the other vessel is presumed not to have been at fault and therefore not to have contributed to the accident. -Also termed major-and-minor fault rule.
majority
1. The status of one who has attained the age of majority (usu. 18). See AGE OF MAJORITY. Cf. MINORITY (1). 2. A number that is more than half of a total; a group of more than 50 percent <the candidate received 50.4 percent of the votes - barely a majority>. Cf. PLURALITY; MINORITY (2).
majority opinion
See OPINION (1;
majority opinion.
An opinion joined in by more than half of the judges considering a given case. - Also termed main opinion.
majority rule
1 A political principle that a majority of a group has the power to make decisions that bind the group. ( It is governance by the majority of those who actually participate, regardless of the number entitled to participate. 2. Corporations. The commonlaw principle that a director or officer owes no fiduciary duty to a shareholder with respect to a stock transaction. ( This rule has been restricted by both federal insider-trading rules and state-law doctrine. Cf. SPECIAL-FACTS RULE.
majority shareholder
A shareholder who owns or controls more than half the corporation's stock.
majority voting
A system for electing corporate directors whereby each shareholder is allowed one vote for each director, who can win with a simple majority.
majority-consent procedure
Corporations. A statutory provision allowing shareholders to avoid a shareholders' meeting and to act instead by written consent of the holders of a majority of shares. ( Delaware and a few other states have enacted such procedures.
majority-minority district
A voting district in which a racial or ethnic minority group makes up a majority of the voting citizens. Cf. INFLUENCE DISTRICT.
regalia majora
[Latin "greater rights"] The Crown's greater rights; the Crown's dignity, power, and royal prerogatives, as distinguished from the Crown's rights to revenues.