Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Crimen falsi dicitur, cum quis illicitus, cui non fuerit ad hoea data auctoritas, de sigillo regis rapto vel invento brevia cartasve consignaverit
It is called "crimen falsi" when anyone to whom power has not been given for such purposes has illicitly signed writs or grants with the king's seal, either stolen or found.
Independenter se habet assecuratio a viaggio navis.
The route insured is distinct from the voyage of the ship.
Multa non vetat lex quae tamen tacite damnavit
The law does not forbid many things that yet it has silently condemned.
NAV
abbr. NET ASSET VALUE,
Naval
adj. 1. Of or relating to ships or shipping 2. Of or relating to a navy. See NAVY.
Navigate
ub. 1. To travel or sail in a vessel on water <to navigate from New York to Bermuda. 2. To steer <to navigate the plane>. 3. To make way through, on, or about something <the plaintiff was unable to navigate the stairs in the dark>.
Navigation
1. The act of sailing vessels on water. 2. The process and business of directing the course of a vessel from one place to another. See RULES OF NAVIGATION.
Navy
1. A fleet of ships. 2. The military sea force of a country, including its collective ships and its corps of officers and enlisted personnel; esp. (usu. cap.), the division of the U.S. armed services responsible primarily for seagoing forces. a The U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to establish a navy and make laws governing the naval forces. U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 13-14.
Navy Department
A division of the Department of Defense that oversees the operation and efficiency of the Navy, including the Marine Corps component (and the U.S. Coast Guard when operating as a naval service). ( Established in 1798, the Department is headed by the Secretary of the Navy, who is appointed by the President and reports to the Secretary of Defense.
Nonnavigable
adj. 1. (Of a body of water) unaffected by the tide. 2. (Of a body of water) incapable of allowing vessels to pass for travel or commerce. 3. (Of any vessel) incapable of being steered.
Proprietas totius navis carinae causam sequitur
The property of the whole ship follows the condition of the keel.
Unavailability
n. The status or condition of not being available, as when a witness is exempted by court order from testifying. ( Unavailability is recognized under the Federal Rules of Evidence as an exclusion to the hearsay rule. Fed. R. Evid 804.
Unnavigable
adj. See INNAVIGABLE.
danger of navigation
See PERIL OF THE SEA.
dominus navis
n. [Latin] Civil law. The absolute owner of a shipping vessel.
duumviri navales
n. [Latin] Two officers appointed to man, equip, and refit the navy.2. Two peers in authority. - Also termed duoviri.
exercitor navis
See EX. ERCITOR.
gubernator navis
[Latin "ship helmsman"] Roman law. The pilot or steersman of a ship. ( The gubernator navis could be sued for damages if he negligently caused a collision.
innavigable
adj. 1. (Of a body of water) not capable of, or unsuitable for, navigation. 2. Marine insurance. (Of a vessel) unfit for service. - Also termed unnavigable.
jus navigandi
n. [Latin] Civil law. The right of navigation; the right of commerce by sea.
levandae navis causa
n. [Latin "for the sake of lightening the ship"] Maritime law. The practice of throwing goods overboard to avoid total loss, entitling the owner to compensation from other participants in the maritime venture. See JETTISON; general average under AVERAGE.
levari facias quando vicecomes returnavit quod non habuit emptores
n. [Law Latin "that you cause to be levied the damages from the disseisors"] Hist. A writ directing a sheriff, who had already seized some of the debtor's property and found it unsalable, to sell as much additional property as necessary to pay the entire debt.
magister navis
n. [Latin "master of a ship"] Roman law. The master of a trading vessel.
navagium
n. [Latin "ship; voyage"] Hist. A tenant's duty to transport the lord's goods by ship.
naval law
A system of regulations governing naval forces. See CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE.
navarch
n. [fr. Greek naus "ship" + archos "chief'] Hist. A master of an armed ship. - Also termed navarchus. Cf. NAVICULARIU3.
navicularius
n. [Latin "shipowner"] Hist. A person engaged in the shipping business.
navigable
adj. 1. Capable of allowing vessels or vehicles to pass, and thereby usable for travel or commerce <the channel was barely navigable because it was so narrow>.
navigable airspace
The area above the legally established minimum flight altitudes, including the area needed to ensure safe takeoffs and landings of aircraft. 49 USCA § 40102(a)(30).
navigable in fact
adj. Naturally usable for travel or commerce. ( A stream is navigable in fact if, in its natural and ordinary state, it can be used for travel or commerce. 2. Capable of being steered <navigable aircraft. See NAVIGABLE WATER.
navigable sea
Int'l law. The ocean waters divided into three zones of control among nations: (1) the inland waters, which are near a nation's shores and over which a nation has complete sovereignty; (2) territorial waters, which are measured from the seaward edge of the inland waters, over which a nation has extensive control but over which innocent parties must be allowed to travel to other nations; and (3) the high seas, which are international waters not subject to the domain of any single nation.
navigable water
See NAVIGABLE WATER.
navigable water of the United States
Navigable water that alone - or in combination with other waters - forms a continuous highway for commerce with other states or foreign countries.
navigation easement
1. An easement giving the federal government the right to regulate navigable waters, even when the regulation interferes with private water rights. 2. See avigational easement.
navigation servitude
1. An easement allowing the federal government to regulate commerce on navigable water without having to pay compensation for interference with private ownership rights. See NAVIGABLE WATER. "The navigation servitude, because of its link to navigable waters and the protection of navigation, is often confused with the public trust doctrine. The navigation servitude, however, is a paramount federal servitude on navigable waters based on the commerce power rather than on ownership or trust responsibilities." Donna R. Christie, Coastal and Ocean Management Law in a Nutshell 34 (1994). 2. An easement, based on the state police power or public trust doctrine, that allows a state to regulate commerce on navigable water and provide limited compensation for interference with private ownership rights. 0 The state servitude is inferior to the federal servitude.
rules of navigation
The principles and regulations that govern the steering and sailing of vessels to avoid collisions. ( Examples include the new International Rules governing conduct on the high seas and the Inland Rules governing navigation on the inland waters of the United States and U.S. vessels on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. 33 USCA §§ 1602-1608, 2001(a).
societas navalis
n. [Latin] Hist. A naval partnership; an assembly of vessels for mutual protection. - Also termed admiralitas.
unavoidable accident.
An accident that cannot be avoided because it is produced by an irresistible physical cause that cannot be prevented by human skill or reasonable foresight. 0 Examples include accidents resulting from lightning or storms, perils of the sea, inundations or earthquakes, or sudden illness or death. Unavoidable accident has been considered a means of avoiding both civil and criminal liability. - Also termed inevitable accident; pure accident; unavoidable casualty. Cf. ACT OF GOD."An unavoidable accident is an occurrence which was not intended and which, under all the circumstances, could not have been foreseen or prevented by the exercise of reasonable precautions. That is, an accident is considered unavoidable or inevitable at law if it was not proximately caused by the negligence of any party to the action, or to the accident." W. Page Keeton et al., The Law of Torts § 29, at 162 (5th ed. 1984).Uniform Probate Code § 6-201(5).
unavoidable casualty
See unavoidable accident under ACCIDENT.
unavoidable cause
A cause that a reasonably prudent person would not anticipate or be expected to avoid.2. A ground for legal action <the plaintiff does not have cause to file suit>.
unavoidable danger
1. Inescapable danger. 2. A danger that is unpreventable, esp. by a person operating a vessel.
unavoidable-accident doctrine
Torts. - The rule holding no party liable for an accident that was not foreseeable and that could not have been prevented by the exercise of reasonable care. ( The modern trend is for courts to ignore this doctrine, relying instead on the basic concepts of duty, negligence, and proximate cause. - Also termed inevitable-accident doctrine.