Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Academie de Droit International de La Haye
See HAGUE ACADEMY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
Assassination
n. The act of deliberately killing someone, esp. A public figure, usu. For hire or for political reasons. - assassinate, vb. -assassin, n.
Assisted self-determination
see assisted suicide under suicide. Assize (a-siz), n. 1. A session of a court or council.
Bar examination.
A written test that a person must pass before being licensed to practice law. 0 the content and format of bar examinations vary from state to state. - often shortened to bar.
C.I.F destination
See COST, INSURANCE, AND FREIGHT.
C.I.F. place of destination
See C.LF destination under COST, INSURANCE, AND FREIGHT.
C.LF. destination
A contractual term denoting that the price includes in a lump sum the cost of the goods and the insurance and freight to the named destination. - Also termed CLF. place of destination.
Charta non est nisi vestimentum donationis
A deed is nothing else than the vestment (or clothing) of a gift.
Combination
1. An alliance of individuals or corporations working together to accomplish a common (usu. economic) goal. See COMBINATION IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE. 2. CONSPIRACY. 3. Patents. A union of elements that may be partly old and partly new. ( The term encompasses not only a combination of mechanical elements but also a combination of substances in a composition claim or steps in a process claim. 4. STRADDLE.
Court of International Trade, U.S
See UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
Court of International Trade.
See UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
Crimination
n. 1. INCRIMINATION. 2. An accusation or strong censure.
Declination
1.A deviation from proper course <declination of duty>. 2. An act of refusal <declination of a gift>. 3. A document filed by a fiduciary who chooses not to serve. 4. At common law, a plea to the court's jurisdiction by reason of the judge's personal interest in the lawsuit.
Delimination
The act of marking a boundary or fixing a limit.
Denationalization
1. Int'l law. The unilateral act of a country in depriving a person of nationality, whether by administrative decision or by operation of law. ( Strictly, the term does not cover a person's renunciation of citizenship. 2. The act of returning government ownership and control of an industry or function to private ownership and control. - denationalize, vb.
Denomination
1. An act of naming. 2. A collective designation, esp. of a religious sect.
Determination
n. 1. A final decision by a court or administrative agency <the court's determination of the issue>.
Discrimination
n. 1. The effect of a law or established practice that confers privileges on a certain class or that denies privileges to a certain class because of race, age, sex, nationality, religion, or handicap. 0 Federal law, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, prohibits employment discrimination based on any one of those characteristics. Other federal statutes, supplemented by court decisions, prohibit discrimination in voting rights, housing, credit extension, public education, and access to public facilities. State laws provide further protections against discrimination. 2. Differential treatment; esp., a failure to treat all persons equally when no reasonable distinction can be found between those favored and those not favored."The dictionary sense of discrimination' is neutral while the current political use of the term is frequently nonneutral, pejorative. With both a neutral and a nonneutral use of the word having currency, the opportunity for confusion in arguments about racial discrimination is en
Domestic International Sales Corporal
A U.S. corporation, esp. a subsidiary WHOSE income is primarily attributable to exports. s, Income tax on part of a DISC's income is USU deferred, resulting in a lower overall corporatftax for the parent than it would otherwise, incur. IRC (26 USCA) §§ 991-997 - Abbr. DISC.
Donation
1. A gift. 2. Eccles. law. A method of acquiring a benefice by deed of gift alone, without presentation, institution, or induction.
Donationum alia perfecta, alia incepta et non perfecta; ut si donatio lecta fuit et concessa, ac traditio nondum fuerit subsecuta
Some gifts are perfect, others incipient and not perfect; for example, if a gift were read and agreed to, but delivery had not then followed.
Elimination
Hist. The act of banishing or turning out of doors; rejection.
Examination
1. The questioning of a witness under oath. See DIRECT EXAMINATION; CROSS-EXAMINATION. 2. Bankruptcy. The questioning of a bankrupt, esp. at the first meeting of creditors, concerning such matters as the bankrupt's debts and assets. 3. Patents. An inquiry made at the Patent and Trademark Office, upon application for a patent, into the alleged invention's novelty and utility, and whether it interferes with any other patented invention. 4. PRELIMINARY HEARING. 5. A test, such as a bar examination.
Extranational
adj. Beyond the territorial and governing limits of a country.
FOB destination
A mercantile term denoting that the seller is required, to pay the freight charges as far as the buyer's named destination.
FOB destination.
See FREE ON BOARD.
Federal National Mortgage Association
A corporation that is chartered by the U.S. government but privately owned and managed, and that provides a secondary mortgage market for the purchase and sale of mortgages guaranteed by the Veterans Administration and those insured under the Federal Housing Administration. - Abbr. FNMA. - Also termed Fannie Mace.
Government National Mortgage Association.
A federally owned corporation that purchases, on the secondary market, residential mortgages originated by local lenders and that issues federally insured securities backed by these mortgages. - Abbr. GNMA. - Also termed Ginnie Mae.
Hague Academy of International Law
(hayg). A center for advanced studies in international law, both public and private, aimed at facilitating the comprehensive and impartial examination of problems of international legal relations. ( It was founded in 1923 on the initiative of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Institut de Droit International. - Also termed Academie de Droit International de La Haye.
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
An international convention (established in 1980) that seeks to counteract child-snatching by noncustodici. ;;-rents. a The Hague Convention is a priva . ! legal mechanism available to parents seekhig the return of, or access to, their children. More than 46 countries are parties to the Convention, including the United States, which became a signatory on July 1, 1988.
Immigration and Nationality Act.
A comprehensive federal law regulating immigration, naturalization, and the exclusion of aliens. 8 USCA §§ 1101-1537. - Also termed Nationality Act.
Impersonation
The act of impersonating someone. - Also termed personation.
Incrimination
1. The act of charging someone with a crime. 2. The act of involving someone in a crime. - Also termed crimination. See SELF-INCRIMINATION. incroach, ub. Archaic. See ENCROACH.
Inesse potest donationi modus, conditio sine causa; ut modus est, si conditio; quia causa.
In a gift there may be manner, condition, or cause; as (ut) introduces a manner; if (si), a condition; because (quia), a cause.
Iniquum est ingenuis hominibus non esse liberam rerum suarum alienationem.
It is unjust for freeborn individuals not to have the free disposal of their own property.
Insubordination
1. A willful disregard of an employer's instructions, esp. behavior that gives the employer cause to terminate a worker's employment. 2. An act of disobedience to proper authority; esp., a refusal to obey an order that a superior officer is authorized to give.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
See WORLD BANK.
International Court of Justice.
The 15-member U.N. tribunal that sits primarily at The Hague, Netherlands, to adjudicate disputes between countries that voluntarily submit cases for decision. 0 Appeal from the court lies only with the U.N. Security Council. - Abbr. ICJ. - Also termed World Court.
International Criminal Court.
A court that was established by the U.N. Security Council to adjudicate international crimes such as terrorism. ( The court was repeatedly proposed and discussed throughout the 20th century, but was established only in 1998. In the absence of any international criminal code, the court applies general principles of international criminal law. - Abbr. ICC.
International Criminal Police Organization.
An international law-enforcement group founded in 1923 and headquartered in Lyons, France. ( The organization gathers and shares information on transnational criminals with more than 180 member nations. - Also termed Interpol.
International Law Commission
A body crated in 1948 by the United Nations for the purpose of codifying international law. ( Ti-it Commission is composed of experts in international law. It sits at the European Office of the United Nations in Geneva, though its annual meetings are sometimes held elsewhere.
International Monetary Fund
A U.N. agency established to stabilize international exchange rates and promote balanced trade. - Abbr. IMF.
Latrocination
[fr. Latin latrocinium "highway robbery"] Archaic. The act of robbing; a depredation; a theft. - Also termed latrociny; latrocinium. See LARCENY; THEFT.
League of Nations
An organization of nations formed in 1919 to promote international cooperation and peace. ( President Woodrow Wilson endorsed the League in an address to Congress, but the United States never joined. The League dissolved in 1946 and turned its assets over to the United Nations.
Machination
1 An act of planning a scheme, esp. for an evil purpose. 2. The scheme so planned.
Modus legem dat donations
Custom (or form) gives law to a gift.
Multistate Bar Examination
See BAR EXAMINATION.
Multistate bar examination
a part of every state's bar examination given in the form of a multiple-choice test covering broad legal subjects, including constitutional law, contracts, criminal law, evidence, property, and torts. - abbr. Mbe.
Nation
n. 1. A large group of people having a common origin, language, and tradition and usu. constituting a political entity. ( When a nation is coincident with a state, the term nation-state is often used. - Also termed nationality. "The nearest we can get to a definition is to say that a nation is a group of people bound together by common history, common sentiment and traditions, and, usually (though not always, as, for example, Belgium or Switzerland) by common heritage. A state, on the other hand, is a society of men united under one government. These two forms of society are not necessarily coincident. A single nation may be divided into several states, and conversely a single state may comprise several nations or parts of nations." John Salmond, Jurisprudence 136 (Glanville L. Williams ed., 10th ed. 1947). 2. A community of people inhabiting a defined territory and organized under an independent government; a sovereign political state. Cf. STATE.
National
adj. 1. Of or relating to a nation <national anthem>. 2. Nationwide in scope <national emergency>.