Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Academie de Droit International de La Haye
See HAGUE ACADEMY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.
Court of International Trade, U.S
See UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
Court of International Trade.
See UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
Denationalization
1. Int'l law. The unilateral act of a country in depriving a person of nationality, whether by administrative decision or by operation of law. ( Strictly, the term does not cover a person's renunciation of citizenship. 2. The act of returning government ownership and control of an industry or function to private ownership and control. - denationalize, vb.
Domestic International Sales Corporal
A U.S. corporation, esp. a subsidiary WHOSE income is primarily attributable to exports. s, Income tax on part of a DISC's income is USU deferred, resulting in a lower overall corporatftax for the parent than it would otherwise, incur. IRC (26 USCA) §§ 991-997 - Abbr. DISC.
Extranational
adj. Beyond the territorial and governing limits of a country.
Federal National Mortgage Association
A corporation that is chartered by the U.S. government but privately owned and managed, and that provides a secondary mortgage market for the purchase and sale of mortgages guaranteed by the Veterans Administration and those insured under the Federal Housing Administration. - Abbr. FNMA. - Also termed Fannie Mace.
Government National Mortgage Association.
A federally owned corporation that purchases, on the secondary market, residential mortgages originated by local lenders and that issues federally insured securities backed by these mortgages. - Abbr. GNMA. - Also termed Ginnie Mae.
Hague Academy of International Law
(hayg). A center for advanced studies in international law, both public and private, aimed at facilitating the comprehensive and impartial examination of problems of international legal relations. ( It was founded in 1923 on the initiative of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the Institut de Droit International. - Also termed Academie de Droit International de La Haye.
Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
An international convention (established in 1980) that seeks to counteract child-snatching by noncustodici. ;;-rents. a The Hague Convention is a priva . ! legal mechanism available to parents seekhig the return of, or access to, their children. More than 46 countries are parties to the Convention, including the United States, which became a signatory on July 1, 1988.
Immigration and Nationality Act.
A comprehensive federal law regulating immigration, naturalization, and the exclusion of aliens. 8 USCA §§ 1101-1537. - Also termed Nationality Act.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
See WORLD BANK.
International Court of Justice.
The 15-member U.N. tribunal that sits primarily at The Hague, Netherlands, to adjudicate disputes between countries that voluntarily submit cases for decision. 0 Appeal from the court lies only with the U.N. Security Council. - Abbr. ICJ. - Also termed World Court.
International Criminal Court.
A court that was established by the U.N. Security Council to adjudicate international crimes such as terrorism. ( The court was repeatedly proposed and discussed throughout the 20th century, but was established only in 1998. In the absence of any international criminal code, the court applies general principles of international criminal law. - Abbr. ICC.
International Criminal Police Organization.
An international law-enforcement group founded in 1923 and headquartered in Lyons, France. ( The organization gathers and shares information on transnational criminals with more than 180 member nations. - Also termed Interpol.
International Law Commission
A body crated in 1948 by the United Nations for the purpose of codifying international law. ( Ti-it Commission is composed of experts in international law. It sits at the European Office of the United Nations in Geneva, though its annual meetings are sometimes held elsewhere.
International Monetary Fund
A U.N. agency established to stabilize international exchange rates and promote balanced trade. - Abbr. IMF.
National
adj. 1. Of or relating to a nation <national anthem>. 2. Nationwide in scope <national emergency>.
National Aeronautics and Space Act
A 1958 federal statute that created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a civilian agency of the federal government whose functions include conducting space research, improving aeronautical travel, building manned and unmanned space vehicles, developing operational space programs, and engaging in other space activities devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all humankind. 42 USCA §§ 2451-2484.
National Association of Realtors
An association of real-estate brokers and agents promoting education, professional standards, and modernization in areas of real estate such as brokerage, appraisal, and property management. - Abbr. NAR.
National Association of Securities Dealers
A group of brokers and dealers empowered by the SEC to regulate the over-the-counter securities market. - Abbr. NASD.
National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system
A computerized system for recording transactions and displaying price quotations for a group of actively traded securities on the over-the-counter market. - Abbr. NASDAQ.
National Bar Association
An organization comprised primarily of African-American members of the legal profession, which was founded in 1925 and which seeks to promote education, professionalism, and the protection of civil rights. - Abbr. NBA.
National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws
An organization that drafts and proposes statutes for adoption by individual states, with the goal of making the laws on various subjects uniform among the states. ( Founded in 1892 and composed of representatives from all 50 states, the Conference has drafted more than 200 uniform laws, including the Uniform Commercial Code. -Abbr. NCCUSL. - Also termed Uniform Law Commissioners. See UNIFORM ACT; MODEL ACT.
National Daily Quotation Service
See PINK SHEET.
National Environmental Policy Act
A 1969 federal statute establishing U.S. environmental policy. ( The statute requires federal agencies to submit an environmental-impact statement with every proposal for a program or law that would affect the environment. 42 USCA §§ 4321-4347 - Abbr. NEPA. See ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT STATEMENT.
National Guard
The U.S. militia, which is maintained as a reserve for the U.S. Army and Air Force. ( Its members are volunteers, recruited and trained on a statewide basis and equipped by the federal government. A state may request the National Guard's assistance in quelling disturbances, and the federal government may order the National Guard into active service in times of war or other national emergency. See MILITIA.
National Labor Relations Act
A federal statute regulating the relations between employers and employees and establishing the National Labor Relations Board. 29 USCA §§ 151-169. ( The statute is also known as the Wagner Act of 1935. It was amended by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 and the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959. - Also termed Wagner Act. - Abbr. NLRA.
National Labor Relations Board
A federal agency (created by the National Labor Relations Act) that regulates employer-employee relations by establishing collective bargaining, conducting union elections, and prohibiting unfair labor practices. 29 USCA § 153. - Abbr. NLRB. - Often shortened to Labor Relations Board.
National Lawyers Guild
An association of lawyers, law students, and legal workers dedicated to promoting a left-wing political and social agenda. ( Founded in 1937, it now comprises some 4,000 members. Cf. FEDERALIST SOCIETY.
National Mediation Board
A federal agency that, among other things, mediates disputes between rail and air carriers and their employees over wages and working conditions. ( It was created by the Railway Labor Act. 45 USCA §§ 154-163. - Abbr. NMB.
National Motor Vehicle Theft Act
See DYER ACT.
National Priorities List
Environmental law. The Environmental Protection Agency's list of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites that are identified for possible long-term remediation as Superfund sites. 40 CFR § 35.6015. - Abbr. NPL.
National Quotation Bureau
A company that publishes daily price quotations (pink sheets) of over-the-counter securities.
National Reporter System
A series of law-books, published by the West Group, containing every published decision of the federal and state courts in the United States. ( For federal courts, the system includes the Supreme Court Reporter, Federal Reporter, Federal Claims Reporter, Federal Supplement, Federal Rules Decisions, Bankruptcy Reporter, Military Justice Reporter, and Veterans Appeals Reporter. For state courts, the system includes the Atlantic Reporter, New York Supplement, North Eastern Reporter, North Western Reporter, Pacific Reporter, South Eastern Reporter, Southern Reporter, and South Western Reporter.
National Response Center
Environmental law. A nationwide communication center located in Washington, D.C., responsible for receiving, and relaying to appropriate federal officials, all notices of oil discharges and other releases of hazardous substances. 40 CFR § 310.11.
National Transportation Safety Board
An independent government agency that investigates some transportation accidents, conducts safety studies, hears and rules on licensing appeals, and proposes safety guidelines and improved safety standards for the transportation industry. 49 USCA §§ 1101-1155. - Abbr. NTSB.
National bank
a bank incorporated under federal law and governed by a charter approved by the comptroller of the currency. ( a national bank is permitted to use the abbreviation n.a. (national association) as part of its name.
Nationality
1. NATION (1). 2. The relationship between a citizen of a nation and the nation itself, customarily involving allegiance by the citizen and protection by the state; membership in a nation. 3. The formal relationship between a ship and the nation under whose flag the ship sails. See FLAG STATE.
Nationality Act
See IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT.
Nationalization
n. 1. The act of bringing an industry under governmental control or ownership. 2. The act of giving a person the status of a citizen. See NATURALIZATION.
Nationalize
ub. 1. To bring (an industry) under governmental control or ownership. 2. To give (a person) the status of a citizen; NATURALIZE.
Supranational
adj. Free of the political limitations of nations.
U.S. national
See national of the United States under NATIONAL.
United States Court of International Trade
A court with jurisdiction over any civil action against the United States arising from federal laws governing import transactions or the eligibility of workers, firms, and communities for adjustment assistance under the Trade Act of 1974 (19 USCA §§ 2101-2495). 0 Its exclusive jurisdiction also includes actions to recover customs duties, to recover on a customs bond, and to impose certain civil penalties for fraud or negligence. See 28 USCA §§ 1581-1584. - Also termed International Trade Court; (formerly) U.S. Customs Court.
amnesty international
an international non-governmental organization founded in the early 1960s to protect human rights throughout the world. 0 its mission is to "secure throughout the world the observance of the universal declaration of human rights." amnesty int'1 statute, art. 1.
courtoisie internationale
See COMITY.
crime against international law
See c T1mlE AGAINST THE LAW OF NATIONS.
customary international law
International law that derives from customary law and serves to supplement codified norms.
droit international
n. [French] International law.