Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Absorption
The act or process of including or incorporating a thing into something else; esp., the application of rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution to actions by the states. 2. Int'l law. The merger of one nation into another, whether voluntarily or by subjugation. 3. Labor law. In a post-merger collective-bargaining agreement, a provision allowing seniority for union members in the resulting entity. 4. Real estate. The rate at which property will be leased or sold on the market at a given time. 5. Commercial law. A sales method by which a manufacturer pays the seller's freight costs, which the manufacturer accounts for before quoting the seller a price. - Also termed (in sense 5) freight ,absorption. - absorb, ub.
Articles of incorporation
a document that sets forth the basic terms of a corporation's existence, including the number and classes of shares and the purposes and duration of the corporation. ( in most states, the articles of incorporation are filed with the secretary of state as part of the process of forming the corporation. In some states, the articles serve as a certificate of incorporation and are the official recognition of the corporation's existence. In other states, the government issues a certificate of incorporation after approving the articles and other required documents. - also termed articles of association; articles of organization; certificate of incorporation. Cf. Bylaw (1); charter (3).
Bastardus non potest habere haeredem nisi de corpore suo legitime procreatum
A bastard cannot have an heir unless it be one lawfully begotten of his own body.
C corporation
See CORPORATION.
Collegium est societas plurium corporum simul habitantium
A college is a society of several people dwelling together.
Commodity Credit Corporation
A federal agency that, through loan subsidies and loan purchases, supports prices of agricultural products to help sell the products in domestic and foreign markets. - Abbr. CCC.
Corporalis injuria non recipit aestimationem de futuro
A personal injury does not receive satisfaction from proceedings yet in the future.
Corporation
n. An entity (usu. a business) having authority under law to act as a single person distinct from the shareholders who own it and having rights to issue stock and exist indefinitely; a group or succession of persons established in accordance with legal rules into a legal or juristic person that has legal personality distinct from the natural persons who make it up, exists indefinitely apart from them, and has the legal powers that its constitution gives it. - Also termed corporation aggregate; aggre-gate corporation; body corporate; corporate body.
Corporation Act
Hist. A 1661 English statute (13 Car. 2, St. 2, ch. 1) prohibiting the holding of public office by anyone who would not take the Anglican sacrament and the oaths of supremacy and allegiance. ( The Act was repealed by the Promissory Oaths Act of 1871.
Corporeal
adj. Having a physical, material existence; tangible <land and fixtures are corporeal property>. - corporeality, n. Cf. INCORPOREAL.
Corpus
n. [Latin "body"] 1. An abstract collection or body. 2. The property for which a trustee is responsible; the trust principal. - Also termed res; trust estate; trust fund; trust property; trust res. 3. Principal (as of a fund or estate), as opposed to interest or income. Pl. Corpora (kor-pa-ra) corpuses (korpa-saz).
Corpus Juris Canonici
[Latin] Hist. The body of the canon law, compiled from the decrees and canons of the Roman Catholic Church. & The Corpus Juris Canonici emerged during the 12th century, beginning with the publication of Gratian's Decretum (1141-1150). In addition to the Decretum, it includes Raymond of Pennaforte's Liber Extra (1234), the Liber Sextus of Pope Boniface VIII (1298), the Clementines of Pope Clement V (1313), the Extrauagantes Joannis of Pope John NMI (1325), and extrauagantes published by Pope John's successors (1499-1502). In 1582, the entire collection was edited by a commission of church dignitaries and officially named the Corpus Juris Canonici. It remained the Catholic Church's primary body of law until the promulgation of the Code of Canon Law in 1917, now replaced by that of 1983.
Corpus Juris Civilis
The body of the civil law, compiled and codified under the direction of the Roman emperor Justinian in A.D. 528-534. 0 The collection includes four works - the Institutes, the Digest (or Pandects), the Code, and the Novels. The title Corpus Juris Ciuilis was not original, or even early, but was modeled on the Corpus Juris Canonici and given in the 16th century and later to editions of the texts of the four component parts of the Roman law. See ROMAN LAW (1).
Corpus humanum non recipit aestimationem
The person of a human being can have no price put on it.
Court of Orphans
Hist. In Maryland and Pennsylvania, a court exercising probate jurisdiction.
Cum in corpore dissentitur, apparet nullam esse acceptionem
When there is a disagreement in the substance, there is clearly no acceptance.
Depository Trust Corporation
The principal central clearing agency for securities transactions on the public markets. - Abbr. DTC.
Domestic International Sales Corporal
A U.S. corporation, esp. a subsidiary WHOSE income is primarily attributable to exports. s, Income tax on part of a DISC's income is USU deferred, resulting in a lower overall corporatftax for the parent than it would otherwise, incur. IRC (26 USCA) §§ 991-997 - Abbr. DISC.
Falsa demonstratio non nocet, cum de corpore (persona) constat
False description does not injure or vitiate, provided the thing or person intended has once been sufficiently described. ( Mere false description does not make an instrument inoperative.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
An independent governmental agency that insures bank deposits up to a statutory amount per depositor at each participating bank. ( The insurance fund is financed by a premium paid by the participating banks. - Abbr. FDIC.
Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation
A federal corporation that manages the sale of federal farm-credit-system securities in the money and capital markets and also provides advisory services to banks in the federal farm credit system.
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
A corporation that purchases both conventional and federally insured first mortgages from members of the Federal Reserve System and other approved banks. - Abbr. FHLMC. -Also termed Freddie Mac.
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
A federal agency created in 1934 to insure deposits in savings-and-loan associations and savings banks. ( When this agency became insolvent in 1989, its assets and liabilities were transferred to an insurance fund managed by the FDIC. - Abbr. FSLIC. See RESOLUTION TRUST CORPORATION.
Incorporalia bello non adquiruntur
Incorporeal things are not acquired by war.
Incorporate
ub. 1. To form a legal corporation <she incorporated the family business>. 2. To combine with something else <incorporate the exhibits into the agreement>. 3. To make the terms of another (esp. earlier) document part of a document by specific reference <the codicil incorporated the terms of the will>; esp., to apply the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states by interpreting the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause as encompassing those provisions.
Incorporation
n. 1. The formation of a legal corporation. See ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION. 2. Constitutional law. The process of applying the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states by interpreting the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause as encompassing those provisions. (In a variety of opinions since 1897, the Supreme Court has incorporated all of the Bill of Rights except the following provisions: (1) the Second Amendment right to bear arms, (2) the Third Amendment prohibition of quartering soldiers, (3) the Fifth Amendment right to grand jury indictment, (4) the Seventh Amendment right to a jury trial in a civil case, and (5) the Eighth Amendment prohibition of excessive bail and fines.
Legal Services Corporation
A corporation established by the Legal Services Corporation Act of 1974 (42 USCA § 2996) to provide legal help to clients who cannot afford legal services.
Liberum corpus nullam recipit aestimationem
The body of a free person allows no price to be set upon it. Dig. 9.3.7.
Maihemium est membri mutilatio, et dici poterit, ubi aliquis in aliqua parte sui corporis efectus sit inutilis ad pugnandum
Mayhem is the mutilation of a limb, and can be said (to occur) when a person is injured in any part of his body so as to be useless in a fight.
Minima poena corporalis est major qualibet pecuniaria
The smallest bodily punishment is greater than any pecuniary one.
Nihil facit error nominis cum de corpore constat
An error in the name is nothing when there is certainty as to the person.
Nil facit error nominis cum de corpore vel persona constat
An error in the name is immaterial when the body or person is certain.
Nobiles magis plectuntur pecunia, plebes vero in corpore
The higher classes are more punished in money, but the lower in person.
ORP
abbr. Ordinary, reasonable, and prudent - the standard on which negligence cases are based.
Orphan
n. 1. A child whose parents are dead. 2. A child with one dead parent and one living parent. - More properly termed half orphan. 3. A child who has been deprived of parental care and has not been legally adopted; a child without a parent or guardian. orphan drug See DRUG.
Overseas Private Investment Corporation.
A corporation created by the federal government to finance and insure overseas investments by U.S. companies. ( Chartered in 1969, the corporation is a for-profit entity that is not federally funded, but its insurance commitments are backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government. - Abbr. OPIC.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
The federal agency that guarantees the payment of retirement benefits covered by private pension plans that lack sufficient assets to, pay the promised benefits. - Abbr. PBGC.
Plures cohaeredes sunt quasi unum corpus, propter unitatem juris quod habent
Sever al coheirs are as one body, by reason of the unity of right that they possess.
Plures participes sunt quasi unum corpus in eo quod unum jus habent
Several coheirs (or parceners) are as one body in that they have one right. Co. Litt. 164.
Praesentia corporis tollit errorem nominis, et veritas nominis tollit errorem demonstrationis
The presence of the body cancels an error in the name; the truth of the name cancels an error in the description.
Quaelibet poena corporalis, quamvis minima, major est qualibet poena pecuniaria
Every corporal punishment, although the very least, is greater than any pecuniary punishment.
Qui non habet in aere, luat in corpore, ne quis peccetur impune
' Let him who has not (the wherewithal to pay) in money pay in his person (i.e., by corporal punishment), lest anyone be wronged with impunity.
Quodcunque aliquis ob tutelam corporis sui fecerit jure id fecisse videtur
Whatever one does in defense of his person, he is considered to have done legally.
Res generalem habet signiicationem, quia tam corporea, quam incorporea, cuJuscunque sunt generis naturae sive speciei, comprehendit
The word "things" has a general signification, because it comprehends corporeal as well as incorporeal objects, of whatever sort, nature, or species.
Resolution Trust Corporation
A federal agency established to act as a receiver for insolvent federal savings-and-loan associations and to transfer or liquidate those associations' assets. ( The agency was created when the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation was abolished in 1989. - Abbr. RTC. See FEDERAL SAVINGS AND LOAN INSURANCE CORPORATION.
S corporation
A corporation whose income is taxed through its shareholders rather than through the corporation itself. ( Only corporations with a limited number of shareholders can elect S-corporation tax status under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. -Also termed subchapter-S corporation; tax-option corporation. Cf. C corporation.
Securities Investor Protection Corporation
A corporation established under the Securities Investor Protection Act to protect investors and help brokers and dealers in financial trouble. -Abbr. SIPC. See SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION ACT.
Senatores sunt partes corporis Regis
Senators are part of the body of the king.
U.S.-owned foreign corporation
A foreign corporation in which 50% or more of the total combined voting power or total value of the stock is held directly or indirectly by U.S. citizens. IRC (26 USCA) § 904(g)(6). ( If the dividend or interest income paid by a U.S. corporation is classified as a foreign source, the U.S. corporation is treated as a U.S.owned foreign corporation. IRC (26 USCA) § 861.
U.S: owned foreign corporation
See coRPoRATION.