Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

Behavioral science.

the body of disciplines (psychology, sociology, anthropology) that study human behavior. .

Corporalis injuria non recipit aestimationem de futuro

A personal injury does not receive satisfaction from proceedings yet in the future.

Domestic International Sales Corporal

A U.S. corporation, esp. a subsidiary WHOSE income is primarily attributable to exports. s, Income tax on part of a DISC's income is USU deferred, resulting in a lower overall corporatftax for the parent than it would otherwise, incur. IRC (26 USCA) §§ 991-997 - Abbr. DISC.

Examples include deprivation of food or medication, beatings, oral assaults, and isolation. - Also termed elder abuse. carnal abuse. See sexual abuse.

Gravius est divinam quam temporalem laedere majestatgm

It is more serious to hurt divine than temporal majesty.

Incorporalia bello non adquiruntur

Incorporeal things are not acquired by war.

Littoral

adj. Of or relating to the coast or shore of an ocean, sea, or lake <the littoral right to limit others' consumption of the water>. Cf. RIPARIAN.

Mayoralty

The office or dignity of a mayor. - Also termed mayorship.

Minima poena corporalis est major qualibet pecuniaria

The smallest bodily punishment is greater than any pecuniary one.

Oral

adj. Spoken or uttered; not expressed in writing. Cf. PAROL.

Quaelibet poena corporalis, quamvis minima, major est qualibet poena pecuniaria

Every corporal punishment, although the very least, is greater than any pecuniary punishment.

Temporality

1 Civil or political power, as distinguished from ecclesiastical power. 2. (usu. pl.) The secular properties or revenues of an ecclesiastic.

actio temporalis

An action that must be brought within a specified time. Cf actio perpetua.

actio temporalis.

See ACTIO.

bifactoral obligation

. An obligation created by two parties.

bifactoral obligation.

See OBLIGATION.

cadena temporal

Imprisonment for a term less than life.

corporal oath

An oath made solemn by touching a sacred object, esp. the Bible. Oath (Juramentum) Is a calling Almighty God to witness that the Testimony is true; therefore it is aptly termed Sacramentum, a Holy Band, a Sacred Tye, or Godly Vow. And it is called a Corporal Oath, because the party when he swears, toucheth with his right hand the Holy Evangelists or Book of the New Testament." Thomas Blount, Nomo-Lexicon: A Law-Dictionary (1670).

corporal punishment

Physical punishment; punishment that is inflicted upon the body (including imprisonment).

droit moral

[French] The doctrine of moral right, which entitles artists to prevent others from altering their works. ( The basic rights protected by this doctrine are (1), the right to create, (2) the right to disclose or publish, (3) the right to withdraw from publication, (4) the right to be identified with the: work, and (5) the right to ensure the integrity of the work, including the right to object to any mutilation or distortion of the work. These .rights are sometimes called moral right. See MORAL RIGHT.

electoral college.

The body of electors chosen from each state to formally elect the U.S. President and Vice President by casting votes based on the popular vote.

electoral process

1. A method by which a person is elected to public office. 2. The taking and counting of votes.

good moral character

n. 1. A pattern of behavior that is consistent with the community's current ethical standards and that shows an absence of deceit or morally reprehensible conduct. ( An alien seeking to be naturalized must show good moral character in the five years preceding the petition for naturalization. 2. A pattern of behavior conforming to a profession's ethical standards and showing an absence of moral turpitude. Good moral character is usu. a requirement of persons applying to practice a profession such as law or medicine.

guardian of the temporalities

Eccles. law. The person to whom custody of the secular possessions of a vacant see or abbey is committed by the Crown. ( Temporalities (secular possessions) are the land, revenue, and tenements that archbishops and bishops have had annexed to their sees.

immoral consideration

A consideration that so offends societal norms as to be invalid. ( A contract supported by immoral consideration is usu. voidable or unenforceable.

immoral contract

A contract that so flagrantly violates societal norms as to be unenforceable.

impairing the morals of a minor

The offense of an adult's engaging in sex-related acts, short of intercourse, with a minor. ( Examples of this conduct are fondling, taking obscene photographs, and showing pornographic materials. Cf. CONTRIBUTING TO THE DELINQUENCY OF A MINOR.

juramentum corporalis

A corporal oath. See corporal oath under OATH.

legal moralism

The theory that a government or legal system may prohibit conduct that is considered immoral.

lord temporal

A House of Lords member who is not an ecclesiastic.

moral absolutism

The view that a person's action can always properly be seen as right or wrong, regardless of the situation or the consequences. - Also termed ethical absolutism; objective ethics. Cf. MORAL RELATIVISM.

moral certainty

Absolute certainty. ( Moral certainty is not required to sustain a criminal conviction. See REASONABLE DOUBT.

moral consideration

See good consideration.

moral depravity

See MORAL TURPITUDE.

moral duress

An unlawful coercion to perform by unduly influencing or taking advantage of the weak financial position of another. 0 Moral duress focuses on the inequities of a situation while economic duress focuses on the lack of will or capacity of the person duressed.

moral duty

See DUTY (1)

moral evidence

See EVIDENCE,

moral fraud

See actual fraud.

moral hazard

1. The risk that an insured will destroy property or allow it to be destroyed (usu. by burning) in order to collect the insurance proceeds. 2. The insured's potential interest, if any, in the burning of the property.3. Hist. An unlawful dice game in which the chances of winning are complicated by arbitrary rules.

moral law

A collection of principles defining right and wrong conduct; a standard to which an action must conform to be right or virtuous."It quite often happens that the moral law disapproves of something which the secular permits as a concession to human frailty." Patrick Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals 78 (1968).

moral necessity

See NECESSITY.

moral necessity.

A necessity arising from a duty incumbent on a person to act in a particular way.

moral obligation

A duty that is based only on one's conscience and that is not legally enforceable. a In contract law, moral obligation may support a promise in the absence of traditional consideration, but only if the promisor has previously received some actual benefit from the promisee.

moral person

See artificial person.

moral relativism

The view that there are no absolute or constant standards of right and wrong. - Also termed ethical relativism; subjective ethics. Cf. MORAL ABSOLUTISM.

moral right

(usu. pl.) Copyright. A right protecting a visual artist's work beyond the ordinary protections of copyright. 0 Moral rights include both integrity rights, which protect the work from changes that damage the artist's or the work's reputation, and attribution rights, which allow the artist to claim authorship of the work and to prevent the unlawful use of the author's name in reference to a modified version of the work. Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 (17 USCA §§ 106A, 113).

moral suasion

The act or effort of persuading by appeal to principles of morality.

moral turpitude

1. Conduct that is contrary to justice, honesty, or morality. ( In the area of legal ethics, offenses involving moral turpitude - such as fraud or breach of trust -traditionally make a person unfit to practice law. - Also termed moral depravity. 2. Military law. Any conduct for which the applicable punishment is a dishonorable discharge or confinement not less than one year. "Moral turpitude means, in general, shameful wickedness - so extreme a departure from ordinary standards of honest, good morals, justice, or ethics as to be shocking to the moral sense of the community. It has also been defined as an act of baseness, vileness, or depravity in the private and social duties which one person owes to another, or to society in general, contrary to the accepted and customary rule of right and duty between people." 50 Am. Jur. 2d Libel and Slander § 165, at 454 (1995).

moral wrong

See WRONG.

moral wrong.

An act that is contrary to the rule of natural justice. - Also termed natural wrong.