Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Acceptor
A person or entity that accepts a negotiable instrument and agrees to be primarily responsible for its payment or performance.
Assize of northampton
Hist. A decree issued in 1176 by henry ii as an expansion and reissue of the assize of clarendon, instructing judges esp. On questions of tenure, relief, and dower.3. The procedure provided for by such an enactment. 4. The court that hears cases involving that procedure. 5. A jury.
Bona fide possessor facit fructus consumptos suos
A possessor in good faith is entitled to the fruits (or produce) that he consumes.
Caveat emptor
Let the buyer beware.
Caveat emptor qui ignorare non debuit quod jus alienum emit
Let the buyer beware; for he ought not act in ignorance when he buys what another has right to.
Crimen falsi dicitur, cum quis illicitus, cui non fuerit ad hoea data auctoritas, de sigillo regis rapto vel invento brevia cartasve consignaverit
It is called "crimen falsi" when anyone to whom power has not been given for such purposes has illicitly signed writs or grants with the king's seal, either stolen or found.
Currit tempus contra desides et sui juris contemptores
Time runs against the indolent and those who are not mindful of their rights.
Emptor
n. [Latin] Civil law. A buyer. - Also spelled emtor. See caveat emptor under CAVEAT.
Emptor emit quam minimo potest; venditor vendit quam maximo potest
The buyer buys for as little as possible; the vendor sells for as much as possible.
Est autem jus publicum et privatum quod ex naturalibus praeceptis aut gentium aut civilibus est collectum; et quod in jure scripto jus appellatur, id in lege Angliae rectum esse dicitur
Public and private law is that which is collected either from natural precepts of the (law of) nations or from civil precepts; and that which in the civil law is called jus is said in the law of England to be right. Co. 1Jtt. 558.
Fructus perceptos villae non esse constat
It is agreed that gathered fruits are not a part of the farm.
In traditionibus scriptorum (chartarum) non quod dictum est, sed quod gestum (factum) est, inspicitur
In the delivery of writings (deeds), not what is said but what is done is to be considered.
Jurisinceptor
[Latin] Hist. A student of the civil law.
Kleptomania
n. A compulsive urge to steal, esp. without economic motive. - kleptomaniac, n. & adj.
Manucaptor
See MAINPERNOR.
Non dubitatur, etsi specialiter venditor evictionem non promiserit, re evicta, ex empto competere actionem
It is certain that even if the vendor has not given a special guarantee, an action ex empto lies against him, if the purchaser is evicted.
Non videtur consensum retinuisse si quis ex praescripto minantis aliquod immutavit
If a person has changed anything at the demand of a party threatening, he is not considered to have maintained his consent.
PTO
abbr. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE. PTP. See publicly traded partnership under PARTNERSHIP. Pub. L. abbr. PUBLIC LAW (2).
Peremptory
n. See peremptory challenge under CHALLENGE (2).
Peremptory defense
A defense that questions the plaintiff's legal right to sue or contends that the right to sue has been extinguished.
Periculum rei venditae, nondum traditae, est emptoris
The purchaser assumes the risk for a thing sold, but not yet delivered.
Praeceptores
[Law Latin "masters"] Hist. The chief clerks of Chancery, responsible for preparing remedial writs.
Prudenter agit qui praecepto legis obtemperat
A person acts prudently who obeys the precept of law.
Quia Emptores
[Latin "since purchasers"] Hist. A statute giving fee-simple tenants (other than those holding directly of the Crown) the power to alienate their land and bind the transferee to perform the same services for the lord as the transferor had been obliged to perform. ( The statute, enacted in 1290, tended to concentrate feudal lordships in the Crown by eliminating multiple layers of fealty. 18 Edw., ch. 1. - Also termed Quia Emptores Terrarum "Edward I and his lords wished, for political reasons, to prevent the growth of subinfeudation, and in 1290 the Statute Quia Emptores was enacted. It took its name from the beginning of its preamble - 'Since purchasers .... " L.B. Curzon, English Legal History 300 (2d ed. 1979).
Quod in jure scripto jus appellatur, id in lege Angliae rectum esse dicitur
What in the civil law (literally, written law) is called jus, in the law of England is said to be rectum (right).
Re, verbis, scripto, consensu, traditione, junctura vestes sumere pacta solent
Compacts usually take their clothing from the thing itself, from words, from writings, from consent, from delivery, from the joining together.
Respondeat raptor, qui ignorare non potuit quod pupillum alienum abduxit
Let the ravisher answer, for he could not be ignorant that he has taken away another's ward.
Secta quae scripto nititur a scripto variari non debet
A suit that relies upon a writing ought not to vary from the writing.
Sive tota res evincatur, sive pars, habet regressum emptor in venditorem
If the property is taken from him by eviction, whether whole or in part, the purchaser has an action against the vendor. Dig. 21.2.1.
Tempus enim modus tollendi obligationes et actiones, quia tempus currit contra Besides et sui juris contemptores
For time is a means of destroying obligations and actions, because time runs against those who are inactive and show little respect for their own rights.
acceptor supra protest
One who accepts a bill that has been protested, for the honor of the drawer or an indorser.
actio vi bonorum raptorum
A penal action to recover goods taken by force. * A successful plaintiff would also receive three times the value of the taken property. Cf. INTERDICTUM QUOD VI AUT CLAM.
actio vi bonorum raptorum.
See ACTIO.
bona fide emptor
[Latin] Good-faith purchaser. See good-faith purchaser under PURCHASER.
caveat emptor
See CAVEAT.
clerico capto per statutum mercatorium.
See DE CLERICO CAPTO PER STATUTUM MERCATORIUM.
de clerico capto per statutum mercatorium deliberando
n. [Law Latin "for delivering a clerk arrested on a statute merchant"] Hist. A writ ordering the release of a clerk imprisoned for breaching a statute merchant. - Often shortened to de clerico capto per statutum mercatorium.
de haerede rapto et abducto
n. [Law Latin "of an heir ravished and carried away"] Hist. A writ allowing a lord to recover a ward who had been taken by another person.
de homine capto in withernamium
[Law Latin "for taking a man in withernam"] Hist. A writ to seize and jail a person who took a bondman out of the county to keep the bond man from being replevied. ( The defendant was jailed without bail until the bondman was re turned. See WITIIERNAM.
emptor familiae
See FAMILIAE EMPTOR.
ex comparatione scriptorum
[Latin] By a comparison of writings or handwritings. ( This term was formerly used in the law of evidence.
exceptio peremptoria
A peremptory exception that forever destroyed the subject matter or ground of the action, such as the exceptio doli mali and the exceptio metus. - Also termed exceptio perpetua.
familiae emptor
[Latin "estate purchaser"] Roman law. A trustee who received an inheritance by a fictitious purchase and distributed it as the testator instructed. -Also termed emptor familiae. See HERES; TWELVE TABLES. "At some date, probably long before the XII Tables, men on the point of death, unable to make a true will because there was no imminent sitting of the Comitia, adopted the practice of conveying all their property ... to a person who is described as the familiae emptor, and who is said by Gaius to be in loco heredis. Instructions were no doubt given to him as to the disposal of the property or part of it, but it is not clear that these were enforceable ...." W.W. Buckland, A Manual of Roman Private Law 175 (2d ed. 1953).
homine capto in withernamium
[Law Latin "for taking a man in withernam"] Hist. A writ for the arrest of a person who had taken a bondman out of the country to prevent a replevy. See WITHERNAM.
jus ex non scripto
See UNWRITTEN LAW.
levari facias quando vicecomes returnavit quod non habuit emptores
n. [Law Latin "that you cause to be levied the damages from the disseisors"] Hist. A writ directing a sheriff, who had already seized some of the debtor's property and found it unsalable, to sell as much additional property as necessary to pay the entire debt.
peremptory challenge
One of a party's limited number of challenges that need not be supported by any reason, although a party may not use such a challenge in a way that discriminates against a protected minority. -Often shortened to peremptory. - Also termed peremptory strike. See STRIKE (2).3. Military law. An objection to a member of the court serving in a court-martial case. ( A military judge can be challenged only for cause.
peremptory day
See DAY
peremptory defense
See DEFENSE (1)
peremptory exception
See EXCEPTION