Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Apparent authority
Authority that a third party reasonably believes an agent has, based on the third party's dealings with the principal. ( apparent authority can be created by law even when no actual authority has been conferred. - also termed ostensible authority; authority by estoppel
De non apparentibus et non existentibus eadem est ratio
The rule is the same respecting things that do not appear and things that do not exist.
Erubescit lex filios castigare parentes
The law blushes when children correct their parents.
Major haereditas venit unicuique nostrum a jure et legibus quam a parentibus
A greater inheritance comes to every one of us from right and the laws than comes from parents.
Parent
1. The lawful father or mother of someone. ( In ordinary usage, the term denotes more than responsibility for conception and birth. The term,commonly includes (1) either the natural father or the natural mother of a child, (2) the adoptive father or adoptive mother of a child, (3) a child's putative blood parent who has expressly acknowledged paternity, and (4) an individual or agency whose status as guardian has been established by judicial decree. In law, parental status based on any criterion may be terminated by judicial decree.
Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act
A federal law, enacted in 1980, providing a penalty for child-kidnapping by a no custodial parent and requiring a state to recognize and enforce a child-custody order rendered by a court of another state. 28 USCA § 1738A; 42 USCA §§ 654, 655, 663. - Abbr. PKPA. Cf. UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION ACT.
Parentum est liberos alere etiam nothos
It is the role of parents to support their children even when illegitimate.
Pueri sunt de sanguine parentum, sed pester et mater non sunt de sanguine puerorum
Children are of the blood of their parents, but the father and mother are not of the blood of their children.
adoptive parent
A parent by virtue of legal adoption. See ADOPTION (1).
apparent agency
see agency by estoppel.
apparent agent
a person who reasonably appears to have authority to act for another, regardless of whether actual authority has been conferred. - also termed ostensible agent.
apparent authority
see authority (1).
apparent danger
see danger.
apparent defect
See patent defect.
apparent easement
A visually evident easement, such as a paved trail or a sidewalk.
apparent heir
see heir apparent under heir.
apparent servitude
Civil law. A predial servitude that is manifested by exterior signs or constructions, such as a roadway. Cf. nonapparent servitude.
apparent title
see color of title.
ex utriusque parentibus conjuncti
[Latin] Related on the side of both parents; of the whole blood.
forisjurare parentilam
ub. [Law Latin] Hist. To renounce parental authority. ( One who did so lost all rights of heirship.
foster parent
An adult who, though without blood ties or legal ties, cares for and rears a child, esp. an orphaned or neglected child that might otherwise be deprived of nurture. Foster parents sometimes give care and support temporarily until a child is legally adopted by others. 2. See parent corporation under CORPORATION.
heir apparent
An heir who is certain to inherit unless he or she dies first or is excluded by a valid will. - Also termed apparent heir. Cf. heir presumptive.
immediately-apparent requirement
Criminal procedure. The principle that a police officer must have probable cause to believe that an item is contraband before seizing it. ( This plain-view exception to the warrant requirement was first announced in Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443, 91 S.Ct. 2022 (1971)."An object may not be seized from a car merely because the police plain view of it was lawfully acquired; there must be probable cause that the object is a fruit, instrumentality or evidence of crime. And under the 'immediately apparent' requirement of Coolidge v. New Hampshire, this probable cause must be determined without examination of the object other than is justified by the purpose underlying police entry of the vehicle." Wayne R. LaFave & Jerold H. Israel, Criminal Procedure § 3.7, at 201 (2d ed. 1992).
in loco parentis
n. Supervision of a young adult by an administrative body such as a university.
in potestate parentis
adv. & adj. [Latin] Hist. In the power of a parent. See PATRIA POTESTAS.
loco parentis
See IN LOCO PARENTIS.
nonapparent easement
See discontinuous easement.
nonapparent servitude
See SERVITUDE (1).
parent company
See parent corporation under CORPORATION.
parent corporation
See CORPORATION.
parent-child immunity
See parental immunity under IMMUNITY (2).
parentage
The state or condition of being a parent; kindred in the direct ascending line.
parentage action
See PATERNITY SUIT.
parental consortium
See CONSORTIUM.
parental immunity
1. The principle that an unemancipated minor child is prohibited from suing a parent for damages allegedly caused by parental negligence. ( This immunity has been retained by most states but is not applied in intentional-tort cases or in auto-accident cases covered by insurance. -Also termed parent-child immunity. 2. The principle that parents are not liable for damages caused by the ordinary negligence of their minor child. 3. Criminal law. Freedom from prosecution granted by the government in exchange for the person's testimony. ( By granting immunity, the government can compel testimony - despite the Fifth Amendment right against selfincrimination - because that testimony can no longer incriminate the witness.
parental kidnapping
The kidnapping of a child by one parent in violation of the other parent's custody or visitation rights.
parental rights
A parent's rights concerning his or her child, including the right to educate and discipline the child and the right to control the child's earnings and property.
parental-liability law
A statute obliging parents to pay damages for torts (esp. intentional ones) committed by their minor children. ( All states have these laws, but most limit the parents' liability to about $3,000 per tort.
parental-preference doctrine
The principle that a fit parent, who is willing and able to care for a minor child, should be granted custody instead of someone who is not the child's parent. - Also termed parental-presumption rule.
parental-responsibility statute
A law imposing criminal sanctions (such as fines) on parents whose minor children commit crimes as a result of the parents' failure to exercise sufficient control over them. - Also termed controlyour-kid law.
parentela
, n. pl. [Law Latin] Persons who can trace descent from a common ancestor.
parentelic method
. A scheme of computation used to determine the paternal or maternal collaterals entitled to inherit.
parenticide
1. The act of murdering one's parent. 2. A person who murders his or her parent.
parte non comparente
. [Latin] The party not having appeared.
person in loco parentis
A person acting in the place of a parent; a person who has assumed the obligations of a parent without formally adopting the child.
surrogate parent
A person who carries out the role of a parent by court appointment or the voluntary assumption of parental responsibilities.
surrogate-parenting agreement
An agreement in which the surrogate mother agrees to carry a child to term on behalf of another woman and then assign her parental rights to that woman and the father.