Legal Dictionary of Pakistan

A piratis aut latronibus capti liberi permanent.

Those captured by pirates or robbers remain free.

Absentem accipere debemus eum qui non est eo loco in quo petitur

We must consider a person absent who is not in that place in which he is sought.

Accipere quid ut justitiam facias non est tam accipere quam extorquere

To accept anything as a reward for doing justice is rather extorting than accepting.

Acta in uno judicio non probant in alio nisi inter easdem personas

Things done in one action cannot be taken as evidence in another, unless it is between the same parties.

Actio personalis moritur cum persona

A personal action dies with the person.

Actus inceptus cujus perfectio pendet ex voluntate partium revocari potest; si autem pendet ex voluntate tertiae personae, velex contingenti, revocari non potest

An act already begun whose completion depends upon the will of the parties may be recalled; but if it depends on consent of a third person or on a contingency, it cannot be recalled.

Actus servi, in its quibus opera ejus communiter adhibita est, actus domini habetur

The act of a servant in those things in which he is usually employed is considered the act of his master.

Aequitas agit in personam

Equity acts upon the person.

Aequitas supervacua odit

Equity abhors superfluous things.

Affectio tua nomen imponit operi tuo

Your motive gives a name to your act.

Ambiguis casibus semper praesumitur pro rege

In doubtful cases the presumption is always in favor of the king.

Annus est mora motus quo suum planeta pervolvat circulum.

A year is the duration of the motion by which a planet revolves through its orbit.

Arcana imperii

i latin] state secrets.

Arresto facto super bonis mercatorum alienigenorum

[latin "seizure of the goods of foreign merchants"] hist. A writ to seize the goods of an alien, taken in recompense of goods taken from an english subject living abroad.

Articuli super cartas

[law latin "articles upon the charters"] hist. A statute passed in 1300 to confirm and enlarge many particulars of magna carta and the forest charter.

Artificial person

see person.

As per.

in accordance with; per (3). ( this phrase has traditionally been considered a barbarism, per being the preferred form in commercialese <per your request>. But even per can be improved on <as you requested>.

Assessment period

a taxable period,

Assets per descent

see assets by descent under asset.

Assignable, adj. That can be assigned; transferable from one person to another, so that the transferee has the same rights as the transferor had <assignable right>. Cf. Negotiable. Assignable lease

see lease.

Associated person.

1. A partner, officer, director, branch manager of a broker or dealer, or any person performing similar functions or occupying a similar status, any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the broker or dealer, or any employee of the broker or dealer - with two exceptions: (1) those whose functions are solely clerical or ministerial, and (2) those required to register under state law as a broker or dealer solely because they are issuers of securities or associated with an issuer of securities. 2. A natural person who is a partner, officer, director, or employee of: (1) the issuer; (2) a general partner of a limited partnership issuer; (3) a company or partnership that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the issuer; or (4) a registered investment adviser to a registered investment company issuer.

Attachment. 1. The seizing of a person's property to secure a judgment or to be sold in satisfaction of a judgment. - also termed (in civil law) provisional seizure. Cf. Garnishment; sequestration (1)

Automatic perfection

see perfection.

Bancus superior

upper bench. ( the king's bench was so called during the protectorate (1653-1659). - abbr. B.s. - also termed bancus publicus ("public bench").

Bank for cooperatives

a bank within a system of banks established to provide a permanent source of credit to farmers' cooperatives and supervised by the farm credit administration.

Bankable paper

see paper,

Bearer paper.

see paper

Benigne faciendae sunt interpretationes propter simplicitatem laicorum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et verba intentioni, non a contra, debent inservire

Constructions (of written instruments) are to be made liberally, for the simplicity of laymen, in order that the matter may have effect rather than fail (or become void); and words must be subject to the intention, not the intention to the words.

Benigne faciendae sunt interpretations chartarum, ut res magis valeat quam pereat; et quaelibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est

Deeds should be subject to liberal interpretation, so that the matter may take effect rather than fail; and every grant is to be taken most strongly against the grantor.

Bis idem exigi bona fides non patitur, et in satisfactionibus non permittitur amplius fieri quam semel factum est

Good faith does not allow the same thing to be exacted twice; and in satisfying claims, it is not permitted that more should be done after satisfaction has once been rendered.

Bonae fzdei possessor in id tantum quod ad se pervenerit tenetur

A possessor in good faith is liable only for that which he himself has obtained (literally, what has come to him). 2 Co. Inst. 285.

Campers

Hist. The share of a lawsuit's proceeds payable to a champertor. See CHAMPERTY.

Casus fortuitus non est sperandus, et nemo tenetur divinare

A chance event.is not to be expected, and no one is bound to foresee it.

Cestuy que doit inheriter al Pere doit inheriter al fils

The person who should have inherited from the father should also inherit from the son.

Champertor

n. A person who engages in champerty; one who supports and promotes another person's lawsuit for pecuniary gain.

Chartarum super fidem, mortuis testibus, ad patriam de necessitudine recurrendum est

(A dispute) regarding the veracity of deeds, with the witnesses dead, must necessarily be referred to the country (or jury).

Chirographum apud debitorem repertum praesumitur solutum

When the evidence (or voucher) is found in the debtor's possession, the debt is presumed to be paid.

Citationes non concedantur priusquam exprimatur super qua re fieri debet citatio

Citations should not be granted before it is stated about what matter the citation is to be made.

Clausula vel dispositio inutilis per praesumptionem remotam vel causam ex post facto non fulcitur

A useless clause or disposition is not supported by a remote presumption or by a cause arising afterwards. ( A useless clause or disposition is one that expresses no more than the law by intendment would have supplied; it is not supported by a remote presumption or foreign intendment of some purpose, in regard whereof it might be material, or by a cause arising afterwards that may induce an operation of those idle words.

Clausulae inconsuetae semper inducunt suspicionem

Unusual clauses always arouse suspicion.

Cohaeredes una persona censentur, propter unitatem juris quod habent

Coheirs are deemed as one person, on account of the unity of right that they possess.

Comperendinatio

[Latin "to remand to the next day but one"] Roman law. An adjournment of an action to hear the parties or their advocates a second time; a second hearing of the parties to a case. ( The judge Uudex) would decide the case at the conclusion of the second hearing.

Concessio per regem ieri debet de certitudine

A grant by the king ought to be made of a certainty. ( Coke explains, "If the king grants to me that I shall not be sheriff, without showing of what county, it is void for uncertainty." 9 Coke 46b.

Consecratio est periodus electionis

electio est praeambula consecrationis. Consecration is the termination of election; election is the preamble of consecration.

Consensus est voluntas plurium ad quos res pertinet, simul juncta

Consent is the conjoint will of several people to whom the thing belongs.

Consensus voluntas multorum ad quos res pertinet simul juncta.

Consent is the united will of several interested in one subject matter.

Contra veritatem lex nunquam aliquid permittit

The law never allows anything contrary to truth.

Cooperation

1 An association of individuals who join together for a common benefit. 2. Patents. A unity of action to a common end or result, not merely joint or simultaneous action. 3. Int'L law. The voluntary coordinated action of two or more countries occurring under a legal regime and serving a specific objective.

Cooperative

n. 1. An organization or enterprise (as a store) owned by those who use its services. 2. A dwelling (as an apartment building) owned by its residents, to whom the apartments are leased. - Often shortened to coop; co-op.

Crimen trahit personam

The crime brings with it the person. ( That is, the commission of a crime gives the courts of the place where it is committed jurisdiction over the person of the offender.