Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Asked price
See price.
Asking price
see price.
At-the-market price.
see price,
Options Price Reporting Authority
A national market-system plan approved by the SEC for collecting and disseminating last-sale and quotation information on options traded on a five-member exchange consisting of the American Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, the Pacific Stock Exchange, and the Philadelphia Stock Exchange. - Abbr. OPRA.
Price
The amount of money or other consideration asked for or given in exchange for something else; the cost at which something is bought or sold.
agreed price
The price for a sale, esp. of goods, arrived at by mutual agreement. Cf. open price.
asked price
The lowest price at which a seller is willing to sell a security at a given time. See SPREAD (2).
asking price
The price at which a seller lists property for sale, often implying a willingness to sell for less. - Also termed ask price; offering price.
at-the-market price
A retail price that store owners in the same vicinity generally charge.
bid price
The highest price that a prospective buyer is willing to pay for a security at a given time. See SPREAD (2).
call price
1 The price at which a bond may be retired before its maturity. 2. See strike price.
caprice
n. 1. Arbitrary or unfounded motivation. 2. The disposition to change one's mind impulsively.
ceiling price
1 The highest price at which a buyer is willing to buy. 2. The highest price allowed by a government agency or by some other regulatory institution.
closing price
The price of a security at the end of a given trading day. - Also termed close. exercise price. See strike price.
consumer price index
An index that tracks the price of goods and services purchased by the average consumer and that is published monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. - Abbr. CPI. - Also termed cost-of-living index. Cf. PRODUCER PRICE INDEX.
conversion price
Securities. The contractually specified price per share at which a convertible security can be converted into shares of common stock.
earnings-price ratio
See earnings yield under YIELD.
ex-works price
The price of goods as they leave the factory. See Ex woFxs.
exercise price
See strike price under PRICE.
fair market price
See fair market value under VALUE.
fixed price
A price that is agreed upon by a wholesaler and a retailer for the later sale or resale of an item. ( Agreements to fix prices are generally prohibited by state and federal statutes.
fixed price contract
A contract in which the buyer agrees to pay the seller a definite and predetermined price regardless of in creases in the seller's cost or the buyer's ability to acquire the same goods in the mar ket at a lower price.
fixed-price contract
See CONTRACT
floor price
The lowest price at which a seller is willing to sell.
floor price.
See PRICE.
going price
n. The prevailing or current market value of something. See fair market value under VALUE.
horizontal price-fixing
Price-fixing among competitors on the same level, such as retailers throughout an industry.
liquidating price
See redemption price under PRICE.
liquidation price
See PRICE.
list price
A published or advertised price of goods; retail price.
market price
The prevailing price at which something is sold in a specific market. See fair market value under VALUE.
mean trading price
Securities. The average of the daily trading price of a security determined at the close of the market each day during a 90-day period.
net price
The price of something, after deducting cash discounts.
offering price
See asking price.
open price
The price for a sale, esp. of goods, that has not been settled at the time of a sale's conclusion. UCC ยง 2-305. Cf. agreed price.
persistent price discrimination
A monopolist's systematic policy of obtaining different rates of return from different sales groupings.
price amendment
Securities. A change in a registration statement, prospectus, or prospectus supplement affecting the offering price, the underwriting and selling discounts or commissions, the amount of proceeds, the conversion rates, the call prices, or some other matter relating to the offering price.
price discrimination
The practice of offering identical or similar goods to different buyers at different prices when the costs of producing the goods are t e same. ( Price discrimination can violate antitrust laws if it reduces competition. It may,either direct, as when a seller charges different prices to different buyers, or indire , as when a seller offers special concessions/Asuch as favorable credit terms) to some but not all buyers.
price expectancy
See EXHIBITION VALUE.
price index
An index of average prices as a percentage of the average prevailing at some other time (such as a base year). See CONSUMER PRICE INDEX; PRODUCER PRICE INDEX.
price leadership
A market condition in which an industry leader establishes a price that others in the field adopt as their own. ( Price leadership alone does not violate antitrust laws without other evidence of an intent to create a monopoly.
price memorandum
Securities. A document created by an underwriter to explain how securities are priced for a public offering and, typically, to show estimates and appraisals that are not allowed as part of the offering documents.
price support
The artificial maintenance of prices (as of a particular commodity) at a certain level, esp. by governmental action (as by subsidy).
price war
A period of sustained or repeated price-cutting in an industry (esp. among retailers), designed to undersell competitors or force them out of business. priest-penitent privilege See PRIVILEGE (3).
price-earnings ratio
The ratio between a stock's current share price and the corporation's earnings per share for the last year. Some investors avoid stocks with high priceearnings ratios because those stocks may be overpriced. - Abbr. P/E ratio. Cf. earnings yield under YIELD.
price-fixing
The artificial setting or maintenance of prices at a certain level, contrary to the workings of the free market. ( Price-fixing is usu. illegal per se under antitrust law."Price-fixing agreements may or may not be aimed at complete elimination of price competition. The group making those agreements may or may not have the power to control the market. But the fact that the group cannot control the market prices does not necessarily mean that the agreement as to prices has no utility to the members of the combination. The effectiveness of price-fixing agreements is dependent on many factors, such as competitive tactics, position in the industry, the formula underlying price policies. Whatever economic justification particular price-fixing agreements may be thought to have, the law does not permit an inquiry into their reasonableness. They are all banned because of their actual or potential threat to the central nervous system of the economy." United States u. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., 310 U.S. 150, 225-26 n.59, 60 S.Ct. 811, 845 n.59 (1940).
price-level-adjusted mortgage
A mortgage with a fixed interest rate but the principal balance of which is adjusted to reflect inflation. - Abbr. PLAM.
price/cost analysis
A technique of determining, for antitrust purposes, whether predatory pricing has occurred by examining the relationship between a defendant's prices and either its average variable cost or its average total cost.
producer price index
An index of wholesale price changes, issued monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. - Formerly also termed wholesale price index. Cf. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX.
put price
See strike price.