Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Leges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant
Subsequent laws repeal prior conflicting ones.
Lex posterior derogat priori
A later statute repeals an earlier one.
National Priorities List
Environmental law. The Environmental Protection Agency's list of the most serious uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites that are identified for possible long-term remediation as Superfund sites. 40 CFR § 35.6015. - Abbr. NPL.
Non est novum ut priores leges ad posteriores trahantur
It is not an innovation to adapt earlier laws to later ones. Dig. 1.3.26.
Omnis ratihabitio retrotrahitur et mandato priori aequiparatur
Every subsequent ratification has a retrospective effect and is equivalent to a prior command.
Posteriora derogant prioribus
Later things restrict (or detract from) earlier ones.
Prior
adj 1 Preceding in time or order <under this court's prior order>. 2. Taking precedence <a prior lien>.
Prior art
knowledge that is available, including what would be obvious from it, at a given time to a person of ordinary skill in an art; esp., the body of previously patented inventions that the patent office or court analyzes before granting or denying a patent to a comparable invention.
Prior tempore, potior jure
Earlier in time, stronger in right.
Priority
1 The status of being earlier in time or higher in degree or rank; precedence. 2. An established right to such precedence; esp., a creditor's right to have a claim paid before other creditors of the same debtor receive payment. 3. The doctrine that, as between two courts, jurisdiction should be accorded the court in which proceedings are first begun.
Qui prior est tempore potior est jure
The person who is prior in time is stronger in right.
Superpriority
Bankruptcy. The special priority status granted by the court to a creditor for extending credit to a debtor or trustee that cannot obtain unsecured credit from a willing lender. ( This priority may be either an administrative claim outranking other administrative claims or, if certain statutory requirements are met, a security interest in property. 11 USCA § 364(c)(1).
Verba posteriora propter certitudinem addita, ad priora quae certitudine indigent, sunt referenda
Later words added for the purpose of certainty are to be referred to preceding words in which certainty is wanting.
a priori
adu. [latin "from what is before"] deductively; from the general to the particular <as an analyst, he reasoned a priori - from seemingly self-evident propositions to particular conclusions. - a priori, adj. cf a posteriori.
absolute-priority rule
Bankruptcy. The rule that a confirmable reorganization plan must provide for full payment to a class of dissenting unsecured creditors before a junior class of claimants will be allowed to receive or retain anything under the plan. 0 Some jurisdictions recognize an exception to this rule when a junior class member, usu. a partner or shareholder of the debtor, contributes new capital in exchange for an interest in the debtor. 11 USCA § 1129(b)(2)(B)(ii)
dual-priorities rule
The principle that partnership creditors have priority for partnership assets and that individual creditors have priority for a partner's personal assets. ( This rule has been abandoned by the bankruptcy laws and the Revised Uniform Partnership Act. The bankruptcy code now allows partnership creditors access to all assets of bankrupt partners, not just those remaining after payment to individual creditors. - Also termed jingle rule.
lex posterior derogat priori
n. [Latin "a later law prevails over an earlier one"] The principle that a later statute negates the effect of a prior one if the later statute expressly repeals, or is obviously repugnant to, the earlier law.
prior art
See ART.
prior consistent statement
A witness's earlier statement that is consistent with the witness's trial testimony. ( A prior consistent statement is not hearsay if it is offered to rebut a charge that the testimony was improperly influenced or fabricated. Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1)(B).
prior creditor
A creditor who is given priority in payment from the debtor's assets.
prior inconsistent statement
See PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT.
prior lien
See LIEN.
prior petens
[Latin] The person first applying.
prior preferred stock
See STOCK.
prior restraint
A governmental restriction on speech or publication before its actual expression. ( Prior restraints violate the First Amendment unless the speech is obscene, is defamatory, or creates a clear and present danger to society. "The legal doctrine of prior restraint (or formal censorship before publication) is probably the oldest form of press control. Certainly it is one of the most efficient, since one censor, working in the watershed, can create a drought of information and ideas long before they reach the fertile plain of people's minds. In the United States, the doctrine of prior restraint has been firmly opposed by the First Amendment to the Constitution, and by the Supreme Court, perhaps most notably in the case of Near v. Minnesota, decided in 1931. But the philosophy behind that doctrine lives zestfully on, and shows no signs of infirmities of age." David G. Clark & Earl R. Hutchinson, Mass Media and the Law 11 (1970). prior-use bar See PUBLIC-USE BAR.
prior-appropriation doctrine
The rule that, among the persons whose properties border on a waterway, the earliest users of the water have the right to take all they can use before anyone else has a right to it. Cf. RIPARIANRIGHTS DOCTRINE.
prior-claim rule
The principle that before suing for a tax refund or abatement, a taxpayer must first assert the claim to the Internal Revenue Service.
prior-use doctrine
The principle that, without legislative authorization, a government agency may not appropriate property already devoted to a public use.
priori petenti
[Latin "to the first person applying"] Wills & estates. The principle that when two or more persons are equally entitled to administer an estate, the court will appoint the person who applies first.
priority ;jurisdiction rule
See FIRST-TO-FILE RULE.
priority claim
Bankruptcy. An unsecured claim that, under bankruptcy law, must be paid before other unsecured claims. ( The Bankruptcy Code sets forth eight classes of claims, to be paid in order of priority: (1) administrative expenses of the bankruptcy estate, (2) involuntary gap claims, (3) wage claims, (4) contributions to employee benefit plans, (5) claims of grain farmers and fishermen, (6) consumer deposits, (7) tax claims, and (8) capital requirements of an insured depository institution.
priority lien
See prior lien under LIEN.
priority of invention
The determination that one among several patent applications, for substantially the same invention, should receive the patent when the Patent and Trademark Office has declared interference. ( This determination depends on the date of conception, the date of reduction to practice, and diligence.
priority of liens
The ranking of liens in the order in which they are perfected.