Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Consumer Credit Protection Act
A federa, statute that safeguards the consumer in connection with the use of credit by (1) requiring full disclosure of the terms of the loan agreement, including finance charges, (2) restricting the garnishment of wages, and (3) regulating the use of credit cards (15 USCA §§ 1601-1693). 0 Many states have adopted consumer-credit-protection acts. - Also termed Truth in Lending Act (abbr. TILA). See UNIFORM CONSUMER CREDIT CODE.
Environmental Protection Agency
A federal agency created in 1970 to coordinate governmental action to protect the environment. -Abbr. EPA.
Equal Protection Clause
The 14th Amendment provision requiring the states to give similarly situated persons or classes similar treatment under the law. Cf. DUE PROCESS CLAUSE.
Merit Systems Protection Board.
A federal agency with jurisdiction to review civil-serviceemployee appeals and related matters, such as actions brought by the Office of Special Counsel. - The Board succeeded to certain functions of the Civil Service Commission.
Protectio trahit subjectionem, subjectio protectionem
Protection brings submission; submission (brings) protection.
Protection
n. 1. The act of protecting. 2. PROTECTIONISM. 3. COVERAGE (1). 4. A document given by a notary public to sailors and other persons who travel abroad, certifying that the bearer is a U.S. citizen. - protect, ub.
Protectionism
The protection of domestic businesses and industries against foreign competition by imposing high tariffs and restricting imports.
Securities Investor Protection Act
A 1970 federal law establishing the Securities Investor Protection Corporation that, although not a governmental agency, is designed to protect investors and help brokers and dealers in financial trouble. - Abbr. SIPA. 15 USCA §§ 78aaa et seq.
Securities Investor Protection Corporation
A corporation established under the Securities Investor Protection Act to protect investors and help brokers and dealers in financial trouble. -Abbr. SIPC. See SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION ACT.
adequate protection.
Bankruptcy. The protection afforded to a holder of a secured claim against the debtor, such as a periodic cash payment or an additional lien <the bankruptcy court permitted the lender to foreclose on the debtor's home after finding a lack of adequate protection of the lender's property interest>. 11 USCA § 361.
call-protection clause
A clause in a bond is sue or a callable preferred stock issue prohibiting the issuer from recalling the security during a specified period.
consumer-protection law
A state or federal statute designed to protect consumers against unfair trade and credit practices involving consumer goods, as well as to protect consumers against faulty and dangerous goods.
diplomatic protection
Protection given by one country's representatives to a person, usu. an individual, against another country's violation of international law. "The term diplomatic protection is not altogether precise. First, not only diplomatic agents and missions and other foreign offices may and do exercise diplomatic protection, but also, at a different level, consuls, and, although very rarely, military forces. Secondly, the term diplomatic protection does not clearly denote the boundary line to other diplomatic activities for the benefit of individuals, such as mere promotion of interests in one's own nationals in a foreign State, or friendly intercessions with foreign authorities. Thus, diplomatic or consular actions to obtain concessions or other government contracts for nationals from the receiving State, or the arrangement of legal defense for a justly imprisoned national are not diplomatic protection in our sense; they are usually neither directed against the other State nor based on a real or alleged violation of international law. All these last-mentioned activities may be called diplomatic protection only if the term is taken in a very broad sense." William Karl Geck, "Diplomatic Protection," in 1 Encyclopedia of Public International law 1046 (1992).
equal protection
The constitutional guarantee under the 14th Amendment that the government must treat a person or class of persons the same as it treats other persons or classes in like circumstances. 0 In today's constitutional jurisprudence, equal protection means that legislation that discriminates must have a rational basis for doing so. And if the legislation affects a fundamental right (such as the right to vote) or involves a suspect classification (such as race), it is unconstitutional unless it can withstand strict scrutiny. - Also termed equal protection of the laws; equal protection under the law. See RATIONAL-BASIS TEST; STRICT SCRUTINY. "Equal protection does not require that all persons be dealt with identically, but it does require that a distinction made have some relevance to the purpose for which the classification is made." Baxstrom u. Herold, 383 U.S. 107, 111, 86 S.Ct. 760, 763 (1966). "As in all equal protection cases, . . . the crucial question is whether there is an appropriate governmental interest suitably furthered by the differential treatment." Police Dep't u. Mosley, 408 U.S. 92, 95, 92 S.Ct. 2286, 2290 (1972). "[T]he equal protection principle is exclusively associated with written Constitutions and embodies guarantees of equal treatment normally applied not only to the procedural enforcement of laws but also to the substantive content of their provisions. In other words, the equal protection of the laws is invariably treated as a substantive constitutional principle which demands that laws will only be legitimate if they can be described as just and equal." Polyvios G. Polyviou, The Equal Protection of the Laws 4 (1980).
equal protection of the laws
See EQUAL PROTECTION.
equal protection under the law
See EQUAL. PROTECTION.
interim measure of protection
Int'Z law. An international tribunal's act to prevent a litigant from prejudicing the final outcome of a lawsuit by arbitrary action before a judgment has been reached.
look-and-feel protection
Copyright protection of the images generated or revealed when one activates a computer program.
protection money
1. A bribe paid to an officer as an inducement not to interfere with the criminal activities of the briber. ( Examples include payments to an officer in exchange for the officer's releasing an arrestee, removing records of traffic violations from a court's files, and refraining from making a proper arrest. 2. Money extorted from a business owner by one who promises to "protect" the business premises, with the implied threat that if the owner does not pay, the person requesting the payment will harm the owner or damage the premises.
protection order
See RESTRAINING ORDER (1).
witness-protection program
A federal or state program in which a person who testifies against a criminal is assigned a new identity and relocated to another part of the country to avoid retaliation by anyone convicted as a result of that testimony. ( The Federal Witness Protection Program was established by the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 and is administered by the marshals of the U.S. Justice Department.
writ of protection
1. A writ to protect a witness in a judicial proceeding who is threatened with arrest. 2. A writ exempting anyone in the Crown's service from arrest in a civil proceeding for a year and a day.