Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Actus judiciarius coram non judice irritus habetur; de ministeriali autem a quocunque provenit ratum esto
A judicial act before one not a judge (or without jurisdiction) is void; as to a ministerial act, from whomsoever it proceeds, let it be valid.
Disapprove
vb. 1. To pass unfavorable judgment on (something). 2. To decline to sanction (something).
Disprove
vb. To refute (an assertion); to prove (an allegation) false.
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act
A federal statute, enacted in 1976, that generally strengthens the Justice Department's antitrust enforcement powers, esp. by requiring firms to give notice to the Federal Trade Commission and the Justice Department of an intent to merge if one of the firms has annual revenues or assets exceeding $100 million, and the acquisition price or value of the acquired firm exceeds $15 million.
Improve
ub. 1. To increase the value or enhance the appearance of something. 2. To develop (land), whether or not the development results in an increase or a decrease in value.
Improvement
An addition to real property, whether permanent or not; esp., one that increases its value or utility or that enhances its appearance. - Also termed land improvement. Cf. FIXTURE.
Prove
ub. To establish or make certain; to establish the truth of (a fact or hypothesis) by satisfactory evidence.
Prover
Hist. A person charged with a felony who attempts to obtain a pardon by confessing and naming accomplices.
Valrable improvement
See improvement.
approve
vb. to give formal sanction to; to confirm authoritatively. - approval, n. approved indorsed note. see note (1)
approved indorsed note
A note indorsed by a person other than the maker to provide additional security.
approved list
see legal list.
approvement
1. english law. the right of an owner of common lands to enclose them partially and receive income arising from them. this right - originally granted by the statute of merton (1235) - is still available, but a landowner seeking to approve land must receive the government's consent to do so. 2. fist. the act of avoiding a capital conviction by accusing an accomplice; turning king's evidence.
approver
, n. hist. 1. one who offers proof; esp., a criminal who confesses and testifies against his or her accomplices. cf tithetarius. 2. an agent or bailiff; esp., ono who manages a farm or estate for another.
capital improvement
See CAPITAL EXPENDITURE.
general improvement
See IMPROVEMENT.
highest proved value
In a trover action, the greatest value (as proven by the plaintiff) that the converted property reached from the time of the conversion until trial. ( This is the most that a plaintiff is entitled to recover.
improved land
Real property that has been developed. 0 The improvements may or may not enhance the value of the land.
improved value
Real estate. In the appraisal of property, the value of the land plus the value of any improvements.
improvement bond
See revenue bond under BOND (3).
land improvement
See IMPROVEMENT
leasehold improvements
Beneficial changes to leased property (such as a parking lot or driveway) made by or for the benefit of the lessee. ( The phrase is used in a condemnation proceeding to determine the share of compensation to be allocated to the lessee.
local improvement
A real-property improvement, such as a sewer or sidewalk, financed by special assessment, and specially benefiting adjacent property.
local-improvement assessment
See local assessment under ASSESSMENT.
maximum medical improvement
The point at which an injured person's condition stabilizes, and no further recovery or improvement is expected, even with additional medical intervention. ( This term is most often used in the context of a workers'-compensation claim. An injured employee usu. receives temporary benefits until reaching maximum medical improvement, at which time a determination can be made about any permanent disability the employee has suffered and any corresponding benefits the employee should receive. - Abbr. MMI.
necessary improvement
See IMPROVEMENT.
not proven
An archaic jury verdict - now used only in Scots criminal law - equivalent in result to not guilty, but carrying with it a strong suspicion of wrongdoing. - Also termed Scotch verdict.
prove up
ub. To present or complete the proof of (something) <deciding not to put a doctor on the stand, the plaintiff attempted to prove up his damages with medical records only>.
prove-up
n. The establishment of a prima facie claim. ( A prove-up is necessary when a factual assertion is unopposed because even without opposition, the claim must be supported by evidence.
self-proved will.
A will proved by the testator's affidavit instead of by the live testimony of attesting witnesses.
unimproved land
1. Land that has never been improved. 2. Land that was once improved but has now been cleared of all buildings and structures.
valuable improvement
An improvement that adds permanent value to the freehold. ( Because of its nature, a valuable improvement would not typically be made by anyone other than the owner. A valuable improvement may be slight and of small value, as long as it is both permanent and beneficial to the property.