Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Publication
n. 1. Generally, the act of declaring or announcing to the public. 2. Copyright. The distribution of copies of a work to the public. ( At common law, publication marked the dividing line between state and federal protection, but the Copyright Act of 1976 superseded most of common-law copyright and thereby diminished the significance of publication. "The concept of publication was of immense importance under the 1909 Act. It became a legal word of art, denoting a process much more esoteric than is suggested by the lay definition of the term. That it thus evolved was due largely to the American dichotomy between common law and statutory copyright, wherein the act of publication constituted the dividing line between the two systems of protection [state and federal]." 1 Melville B. Nimmer & David Nimmer, Nimmer on Copyright ยง 4.01, at 4-3 (Supp. 1997).
Republication
n. 1. The act or an instance of publishing again or anew. 2. Wills & estates. Reestablishment of the validity of a previously revoked will by repeating the formalities of execution or by using a codicil. ( The result is to make the old will effective from the date of republication. - Also termed (in sense 2) revalidation. - republish, ub. Cf. REVIVAL (2).
express republication
A testator's repeating of the acts essential to a will's valid execution, with the avowed intent of republishing the will. See REPUBLICATION (2).
general publication
See PUBLICATION.
limited publication
A distribution of copies limited to a selected group at a time when copies are not available to persons not included in the group; a publication that communicates the contents of a work to a definitely selected group and for a limited purpose, without the right of diffusion, reproduction, distribution, or sale. - Also termed private publication. 3. Defamation. The communication of defamatory words to someone other than the person defamed. "Publication means the act of making the defamatory statement known to any person or persons other than the plaintiff himself. It is not necessary that there should be any publication in the popular sense of making the statement public. A private and confidential communication to a single individual is sufficient. Nor need it be published in the sense of being written or printed; for we have seen that actions as well as words may be defamatory. A communication to the person defamed himself, however, is not a sufficient publication on which to found civil proceedings; though it is otherwise in the case of a criminal prosecution, because such a communication may provoke a breach of the peace. Nor does a communication between husband and wife amount to publication; domestic intercourse of this kind is exempt from the restrictions of the law of libel and slander. But a statement by the defendant to the wife or husband of the plaintiff is a ground of action." R.FV. Heuston, Salmond on the Law of Torts 154 (17th ed. 1977) "The publication of a libel might be in the form of a book, pamphlet or newspaper, but nothing of that nature is required. A letter sent to a single individual is sufficient." Rollin M. Perkins & Ronald N. Boyce, Criminal law 489 (3d ed. 1982). 4. Wills. The formal declaration made by a testator when signing the will that it is the testator's will.
notice by publication
See public notice.
private publication
See limited publication under PUBLICATION.
service by publication
The service of process on an absent or nonresident defendant by publishing a notice in a newspaper or other public medium.
single-publication rule
The doctrine that a plaintiff in a libel suit against a publisher has only one claim for each mass publication, not a claim for every book or issue in that run.