Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Accounting Research Bulletin.
A publication containing accounting practices recommended by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. - Abbr. ARB.
Inspection search
See administrative search under SEARCH.
Search
n. 1. An examination of a person's body, property, or other area that the person would reasonably be expected to consider as private, conducted by a law-enforcement officer for the purpose of finding evidence of a crime. ( Because the Fourth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches (as well as seizures), a search cannot ordinarily be conducted without probable cause. - search, ub. "It must be recognized that whenever a police officer accosts an individual and restrains his freedom to walk away, he has 'seized' that person. And it is nothing less than sheer torture of the English language to suggest that a careful exploration of the outer surfaces of a person's clothing all over his or her body in an attempt to find weapons is not a 'search."' Terry u. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 16, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 1877 (1968) (Warren, J.).
administrative search
A search of public or commercial premises carried out by a regulatory authority for the purpose of enforcing compliance with health, safety, or security regulations. ( The probable cause required for an administrative search is less stringent than that required for a search incident to a criminal investigation. - Also termed regulatory search; inspection search.
administrative search.
See SEARCH.
anticipatory search warrant
See SEARCH WARRANT.
arresting the suspect. ( Such testimony may be given when an arrest has been made without probable cause, as when illegal substances have been found through an improper search. expert testimony
See expert evidence under EVIDENCE.
blanket search warrant
See SEARCH WARRANT.
blanket search warrant.
See SEARCH WARRANT.
border search
A search conducted by immigration or customs officials at the border of a country to detect and prevent illegal entries of people or things. ( A border search requires no warrant.
checkpoint search
A search anywhere on a military installation.
consent search
A warrantless search conducted after the person who is to be searched or who has authority over the property to be searched voluntarily gives consent.
constructive search
A subpoena of a corporation's records. "[I]t is settled that the so-called 'constructive search' involved in an administrative subpoena of corporate books or records constitutes a 'search' or 'seizure' within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment." 68 Am. Jur. 2d Searches and Seizures ยง 44, at 674 (1993).
exigent search
A warrantless search carried out in response to a sudden emergency. ( This type of search is often performed to preserve evidence or to ensure the safety of the arresting officers.
illegal search
See unreasonable search.
illegal search.
See unreasonable search under SEARCH.
inspection search
See administrative search under SEARCH.
inventory search
A complete search of an arrestee's person before being booked into jail. ( All possessions found are typically held in police custody.
legal research
1 The finding and assembling of authorities that bear on a question of law. 2. The field of study concerned with the effective marshaling of authorities that bear on a question of law.
no-knock search
A search of property by the police without knocking and announcing their presence and purpose before entry. ( A no-knock search warrant may be issued under limited circumstances, as when a prior announcement would lead to the destruction of the objects searched for, or would endanger the safety of the police officer or another person.
no-knock search warrant
See SEARCH WARRANT. NOL. See net bperating loss under LOSS,
private search
See SEARCH.
protective search
A search of a detained suspect and the area within the suspect's immediate control, conducted to protect the arresting officer's safety (as from a concealed weapon) and often to preserve evidence. ( A protective search can be conducted without a warrant. Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752, 89 S.Ct. 2034 (1969). - Also termed search incident to arrest; Chimel search (she-tnel).
regulatory search
See administrative search.
research and development
An effort (as by a company or business enterprise) to create or improve products or services, esp. by discovering new technology or advancing existing technology. - Abbr. R and D; R & D.
right of search
Int'l law. The right to stop, visit, and examine vessels on the high seas to discover whether they or the goods they carry are liable to capture; esp., a belligerent state's right to stop any merchant vessel of a neutral state on the high seas and to search as reasonably necessary to determine whether the ship has become liable to capture under the international law of naval warfare. ( This right carries with it no right to destroy without full examination, unless those on a given vessel actively resist. - Also termed right of visit; right of visit and search; right of visitation; right of visitation and search. See VISIT.
right of visit and search
See RIGHT OF SEARCH.
right of visitation and search.
See RIGHT OF SEARCH.
search
See protective search under SEARCH (1).
search book
A lawbook that contains no statements of the law but instead consists of lists or tables of cases, statutes, and the like, used simply to help a researcher find the law. ( Most indexes, other than index-digests, are search books.
search incident to arrest
See protective search under SEARCH (1).
search warrant
See SEARCH WARRANT.
shakedown search
A usu. random and warrantless search for illicit or contraband material (such as weapons or drugs) in a prisoner's cell. - Often shortened to shakedown.
strip search
A search of a person conducted after that person's clothes have been removed, the purpose usu. being to find any contraband the person might be hiding.
title search
An examination of the public records to determine whether any defects or encumbrances exist in a given property's chain of title. ( A title search is typically conducted by a title company or a real-estate lawyer at a prospective buyer's or mortgagee's request.
unreasonable search
A search conducted without probable cause or other considerations that would make it legally permissible. - Also termed illegal search.
voluntary search
See SEARCH.
warrantless search
See SEARCH.
zone search
A search of a crime scene (such as the scene of a fire or explosion) by dividing it up into specific sectors. 2. An examination of public documents or records for information; esp., TITLE SEARCH. 3. Int'l law. The wartime process of boarding and examining the contents of a merchant vessel for contraband. ( A number of treaties regulate the manner in which the search must be conducted. See RIGHT OF SEARCH. search-and-seizure warrant See SEARCH WARRANT.