Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
A l'impossible nul nest tenu
No one is hound to do what is impossible.
A non posse ad non esse sequitur argumentum necessarie negative, licet non affirmative.
From impossibility to nonexistence the inference follows necessarily in the negative, though not in the affirmative.
A summo remedio ad in feriorem actionem non habetur regressus neque auxilium
From the highest remedy to an inferior action there is no recourse or assistance.
A terme que passe est
[law french] for a term that has passed.
A terme que west mye encore passe
[law french] for a term that has not yet passed.
Ab assuetis non fit injuria
No injury is done by things long acquiesced in.
Abbreviationum ille numerus et sensus accipiendus est ut concessio non sit inanis
Such number and sense is to be given to abbreviations that the grant may not be void.
Aboutissement
[Law French] An abuttal or abutment.
Absentia ejus qui reipublicae causa abest neque ei neque alii damnosa esse debet
The absence of a person who is abroad in service to the state ought to be prejudicial neither to that person nor to another. Dig. 50.17.140.
Absolute assignee
a person who is assigned an unqualified interest in property in a transfer of some or all of the incidents of ownership.
Absolute assignment
an assignment that leaves the assignor no interest in the assigned property or right.
Access
An opportunity or ability to enter, approach, pass to and from, or communicate with <access to the courts>. 2. Copyright. An opportunity to view or copy a copyrighted work <the duplication of the error proved that the defendant had access>. - access, vb ."Since direct evidence of copying is rarely available, a plaintiff can rely upon circumstantial evidence to prove this essential element; the most important component of such circumstantial evidence to support a copyright infringement claim is proof of access. Evidence of access and substantial similarity create an inference of copying and establish a prima facie case of copying." 18 Am. Jur. 2d Copyright and Literary Property § 206 (1985).multiple access. Family law. In a paternity suit, the defense that the mother had lovers other than the defendant around the time of conception.
Accession
The act of acceding or agreeing <the family's accession to the kidnapper's demands>. 2. A coming into possession of a right or office <as promised, the state's budget was balanced within two years after the governor's accession>. 3. Int'l law. The process by which a nation becomes a party to a treaty that has already been agreed on by other nations < Italy became a party to the nuclear-arms treaty by accession>. - Also termed adherence; adhesion. 4. The acquisition of title to personal property by bestowing labor on a raw material to convert it to another thing <the owner's accession to the lumber produced from his land>. - Also termed (in Roman law) accessio. See ADJUNCTION (2). "Accessio is the combination of two chattels belonging to different persons into a single article: as when A's cloth is used to patch B's coat, or a vehicle let on hirepurchase has new accessories fitted to it." R.F.V. Heuston, Salmond on the Law of Torts 113 (17th ed. 1977) 5. A property owner's right to all that is added to the land, naturally or by labor, including land left by floods and improvements made by others <the newly poured concrete driveway became the homeowner's property by accession. Cf. ANNEXATION. 6. An improvement to existing personal property, such as new shafts on golf clubs. "The problem of accessions arises infrequently, judging from reported cases, but an obvious instance of the difficulty arises where a motor vehicle is being financed by a secured party and the debtor in possession of necessity acquires a new engine or new tires for the vehicle .... If the seller of the engine or tires reserved a security interest at the time the goods were installed, the seller should prevail over the vehicle's secured party, with a right to remove the accessions. Conversely, if the sale were on open credit with no security interest reserved, or if the seller acquired a security interest after installation of the goods, then the financer of the vehicle should prevail." Ray D. Henson, Handbook on Secured Transactions Under the Uniform Commercial Code § 4-22, at 93 (2d ad. 1979).ACCESSORYSHIP.
Accessorial
1. (Of a promise) made for the purpose of strengthening another's credit <an accessorial pledge by way of guaranty>. - Also termed accessory. 2. Criminal law. Of or relating to the accessory in a crime <accessorial guilt>.
Accessorium non ducit, sed sequitur, suum principale
An accessory does not lead, but follows, its principal.
Accessorius sequitur naturam sui principalis
An accessory follows the nature of his principal.
Accessory
Something of secondary or subordinate importance. 2. A person who aids or contributes in the commission of a crime. & An accessory is usu. liable only if the crime is a felony. - accessory, adj. - accessoryship, n. Cf. PRINCIPAL (2)"In most jurisdictions, the common-law distinctions between principals and accessories have largely been abolished, although the pertinent statutes vary in form and substance. Conceptually, the common-law pattern remains the same: The person who aids, abets, commands, counsels, or otherwise encourages another to commit a crime is still regarded as a party to the underlying crime as at common law, even though the labels principal in the first degree, principal in the second degree, and accessory before the fact are no longer used, and even though it usually does not matter whether the aider and abettor is or is not present at the scene of the crime." 1 Charles E. Torcia, Wharton's Criminal Law § 35, at 202-03 (15th ed. 1993).
Accessoryship
The status or fact of beinan accessory. - Also termed (loosely) accession.
Accrued asset
an asset arising from revenues earned but not yet due.
Accusator post rationabile tempus non est audiendus, nisi se bene de omissione excusaverit
A person who makes an accusation after a reasonable time has passed is not to be heard unless the person makes a satisfactory excuse for the omission.
Actus repugnans non potest in esse produci
A repugnant act cannot be brought into being (that is, cannot be made effectual).
Admitted asset
an asset that by law may be included in evaluating the financial condition of an insurance company. Cf. Nonadmitted asset.
Adversus extraneos vitiosa possessio prodesse solet
Possession though faulty is usually sufficient against outsiders. ( Prior possession is a good title of ownership against all who cannot show a better.
Aggravated assault
Criminal assault accompanied by circumstances that make it more severe, such as the use of a deadly weapon, the intent to commit another crime, or the intent to cause serious bodily harm.
Aliquis non debet esse judex in propria causa, quia non potest esse judex et pars
A person ought not to be judge in his own cause, because lie cannot act both as judge and party.
Aliud est possidere, aliud esse in pos,essione
It is one thing to possess, another to be in possession-
Appointive asset
an asset distributed under a power of appointment.
Argumentum a divisione est fortissimum in jure
An argument based on a subdivision of the subject is most powerful in law.
Argumentum ab auctoritate est fortissimum in lege
An argument drawn from authority is the strongest in law.
Argumentum ab impossibili
[latin] an argument from impossibility.
Argumentum ab impossibili plurimum valet in lege
An argument deduced from an impossibility has the greatest validity in law.
Argumentum ex concesso
[latin] an argument based on an earlier admission by the adversary.
Arrest on final process
hist. Arrest in a civil case after the conclusion of a trial. -also termed arrest in execution.
Arrest on mesne process
see arrest
Arrest on mesne process (meen).
hist. Arrest in a civil case before trial takes place .citizen's arrest. An arrest of a private person by another private person on grounds that (1) a public offense was committed in the arrester's presence, or (2) the arrester has reasonable cause to believe that the arrestee has committed a felony.
Arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur
see de arrestandis bonis ne dissipentur.
Articles of association
1. Articles of incorporation. 2. A document - similar to articles of incorporation - that legally creates a nonstock or nonprofit organization.
Articles of dissolution
a document that a dissolving corporation must file with the appropriate governmental agency, usu. The secretary of state, after the corporation has settled all its debts and distributed all its assets.
Artificial succession
see succession (4).
Assart
Hist. 1. The action of pulling up trees and bushes in a forest to make the land arable. ( this was a crime if done without a license. 2.a piece of land made arable by clearing a forest.
Assassination
n. The act of deliberately killing someone, esp. A public figure, usu. For hire or for political reasons. - assassinate, vb. -assassin, n.
Assault
n. 1. Criminal & tort law. The threat or use of force on another that causes that person to have a reasonable apprehension of imminent harmful or offensive contact; the act of putting another person in reasonable fear or apprehension of an immediate battery by means of an act amounting to an attempt or threat to commit a battery. 2. Criminal law. An attempt to commit battery, requiring the specific intent to cause physical injury. - also termed (in senses 1 and 2) simple assault. 3. Loosely, a battery. 4. Popularly, any attack. - assault, vb. - assaultive, adj. Cf. Battery.
Assault and battery.
loosely, a criminal battery. See battery.
Assault purpense
see assault.
Assault to rape
see assault with intent to commit rape.
Assault with a deadly weapon
see assault.
Assault with intent
Any of several assaults that are carried out with an additional criminal purpose in mind, such as assault with intent to murder, assault with intent to rob, assault with intent to rape, and assault with intent to inflict great bodily injury. ( these are modern statutory inventions that are often found in state criminal codes.
Assault with intent to commit rape
see assault.
Assault with intent to commit rape1
An assault carried out with the additional criminal purpose of intending to rape the victim. - also termed assault to rape.
Assaultee
a person who is assaulted. Assaulter. A person who assaults another.