Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Attesting witness
See witness.
Court of Hustings
Hist. 1. English law. A local court with jurisdiction over real and mixed actions, held in the Guildhall of London before the Recorder, the Lord Mayor, and Sheriff (the latter two officials serving as honorary judges). ( This court dates from before the Conquest. 2. Formerly, a local court in Virginia. - Also termed curia burgi. See HUSTING.
Delisting
n. The suspension of the privilege of having a security listed on an exchange. Delisting results from failing to meet the exchange's listing requirements, as by not complying with the minimum net-asset .requirement. - delist, vb. Cf. DEREGISTRATION. Delit See DELICT.
Distinguenda sunt tempora; aliud est facere, aliud perficere
Times must be distinguished; it is one thing to do a thing, another to complete it.
Distinguenda sunt tempora; distingue tempora, et concordabis leges
Times are to be distinguished; distinguish times, and you will harmonize laws.
Distinguish
ub. 1. To note a significant factual, procedural, or legal difference in (an earlier case), usu. to minimize the case's precedential effect or to show that it is inapplicable <the lawyer distinguished the cited case from the case at bar>."In practice, courts do not concede to their predecessors the power of laying down very wide rules; they reserve to themselves the power to narrow such rules by introducing into them particular facts of the precedent case that were treated by the earlier distinguishing.' " John Salmond, Jurisprudence 192 (Glanville L. Williams ed., 10th ed. 1947)_2. To make a distinction <the court distinguished between willful and reckless conduct. - distinction, n.distinguishing.' " John Salmond, Jurisprudence 192 (Glanville L. Williams ed., 10th ed. 1947)_2. To make a distinction <the court distinguished between willful and reckless conduct. - distinction, n.
Distinguishable
adj. (Of a case or law) different from, and thereby not controlling or applicable in, a given case or situation.
Entrusting
n. Commercial law. The transfer of possession of goods to a merchant who deals in goods of that type and who may in turn transfer the goods and all rights to them to a purchaser in the ordinary course of business. UCC § 2-403(2).
Listing
1 Real estate. An agreement between a property owner and an agent, whereby the agent agrees to try to secure a buyer or tenant for a specific property at a certain price and terms in return for a fee or commission. - Also termed listing agreement.
Maleficia propositis distinguuntur
Evil deeds are distinguished by their evil purposes.
Posting
1 Accounting. The act of transferring an original entry to a ledger. 2. The act of mailing a letter. 3. A method of substituted service of process by displaying the process in a prominent place (such as the courthouse door) when other forms of service have failed. See SERVICE (1). 4. A publication method, as by displaying municipal ordinances in designated localities. 5. The act of providing legal notice, as by affixing notices of judicial sales at or on the courthouse door. 6. The procedure for processing a check, including one or more of the following steps: (1) verifying any signature, (2) ascertaining that sufficient funds are available, (3) affixing a "paid" or other stamp, (4) entering a charge or entry to a customer's account, and (5) correcting or reversing an entry or erroneous action concerning the check.
Qui bene distinguit bene docet
One who distinguishes well teaches well.
Sting
An undercover operation in which lawenforcement agents pose as criminals to catch actual criminals engaging in illegal acts.
Twisting
n. An insurance agent's or company,s misrepresenting or misstating facts, or giving an incomplete comparison of policies, to induce an insured to give up a policy in one company and buy another company's policy.
Ubi lex non distinguit, nee nos distinguere debemus
Where the law does not distinguish, we ought not to distinguish.
Voluntas et propositum distinguunt maleficia
The will and the purposr~ distil
Wasting asset
an asset exhausted through use or the loss of value, such as an oil well or a coal deposit.
adjusting entry.
An accounting entry made at the end of an accounting period to record previously unrecognized revenue and expenses, as well as changes in assets and liabilities.
arresting the suspect. ( Such testimony may be given when an arrest has been made without probable cause, as when illegal substances have been found through an improper search. expert testimony
See expert evidence under EVIDENCE.
attesting witness
. One who vouches for the authenticity of another's signature by signing an instrument that the other has signed <proof of the will requires two attesting witnesses .
blockbusting.
The act or practice, usu. by a real-estate broker, of persuading property owners to sell their property quickly, and often at a loss, to avoid an imminent influx of members of minority groups. * Blockbusting is illegal in many states.
bursting-bubble theory
Evidence. The principle that a presumption disappears once the presumed facts have been contradicted by credible evidence.
busting.
[Old English] 1. Hist. A deliberative assembly, esp. one called by the king or other leader. 2. Hist. COURT OF HUSTINGS. 3. Hist. The raised platform used by officials of the Court of Hustings. 4. Hist. The raised platform used to nominate candidates for Parliament. ( This practice ended after passage of the Ballot Act in 1872. 5. Any place where political campaign speeches are made.
casting vote
1. A deciding vote cast by the presiding officer of a deliberative body when the votes are tied. ( The U.S. Constitution gives the Vice President the casting vote in the Senate. U.S. Const. art. I, § 3. 2. VOTE (3).
coasting trade
Maritime law. Commerce among different coastal ports or navigable rivers of the United States, in contrast to commerce carried on between nations. - Also termed coastwise trade.
distinguishing mark
A physical indication or feature that identifies or delineates one person or thing from another <the voting ballots contained distinguishing marks so that they could not be counted>. See DISTINCTIVENESS.
dual listing
See LISTING (2).
due posting
1. the stamping and placing of letters or packages in the U.S. mail. 2. the proper entry of an item into a ledger. 3. Proper publication; proper placement of an item (such as an announcement) in a particular place, as on a particular wall.
electronic chattel paper. Chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information stored in an electronic medium and retrievable in perceivable form. UCC § 9-102(a)(22).tangible chatt
See CHATTEL.
exclusive authorization-to-sell listing
See exclusive-cogency listing under LISTING 1
exclusive listing
See LISTING (1)
exclusive-agency listing
A listing providing that one agent has the right to be the only person, other than the owner, to sell the property during a specified period. - Also termed exclusive-authorization-to-sell listing.
festing-man
Hist. A bondsman; a surety. See FRANKPLEDGE.
festingpenny
Hist. Earnest, or payment, given to a servant when hired.
foesting-men
See HABENTES HOMINES.
general listing
See open listing under LISTING (1).
hand-fasting.
Hist. A betrothal; marrying by clasping another's hand and agreeing to live together as husband and wife.
listing agent
The real-estate broker's representative who obtains a listing agreement with the owner. Cf. SELLING AGENT.
listing agreement
See LISTING (1;
multiple listing
See LISTING (1).
net listing
A listing providing that the agent agrees to sell the owner's property for a set minimum price, any amount over the minimum being retained by the agent as commission. - Also termed net sale contract.
net listing.
See LISTING (1)
nonexclusive listing
See open listing under LISTING (1).
open listing
See LISTING (1).
preexisting condition
See CONDITION (2).
preexisting duty
A duty that one is already legally bound to perform. See PREEXISTINGDUTY RULE. 2. Any action, performance, task, or observance owed by a person in an official or fiduciary capacity.
preexisting-duty rule
Contracts. The rule that if a party does or promises to do what the party is already legally obligated to do - or refrains or promises to refrain from doing what the party is already legally obligated to refrain from doing - the party has not incurred detriment. ( This rule's result is that the promise does not constitute adequate consideration for contractual purposes. For example, if a builder agrees to construct a building for a specified price but later threatens to walk off the job unless the owner promises to pay an additional sum, the owner's new promise is not enforceable because, under the preexisting-duty rule, there is no consideration for that promise. -Also termed preexisting-legal-duty rule.
resisting arrest.
The crime of obstructing or opposing a police officer who is making an arrest. - Also termed resisting lawful arrest.
resisting unlawful arrest
The act of opposing a police officer who is making an unlawful arrest. ( Most jurisdictions have accepted the Model Penal Code position prohibiting the use of force to resist an unlawful arrest when the person arrested knows that a police officer is making the arrest. But some jurisdictions allow an arrestee to use nondeadly force to prevent the arrest.
simple listing
See open listing under LISTING (1).