Legal Dictionary of Pakistan
Quick lookup for English, Urdu, and Latin legal terms used in Pakistani jurisprudence.
Aequitas supervacua odit
Equity abhors superfluous things.
Arresto facto super bonis mercatorum alienigenorum
[latin "seizure of the goods of foreign merchants"] hist. A writ to seize the goods of an alien, taken in recompense of goods taken from an english subject living abroad.
Articuli super cartas
[law latin "articles upon the charters"] hist. A statute passed in 1300 to confirm and enlarge many particulars of magna carta and the forest charter.
Bancus superior
upper bench. ( the king's bench was so called during the protectorate (1653-1659). - abbr. B.s. - also termed bancus publicus ("public bench").
Chartarum super fidem, mortuis testibus, ad patriam de necessitudine recurrendum est
(A dispute) regarding the veracity of deeds, with the witnesses dead, must necessarily be referred to the country (or jury).
Citationes non concedantur priusquam exprimatur super qua re fieri debet citatio
Citations should not be granted before it is stated about what matter the citation is to be made.
Dominus rex nullum habere potest parem, multo minus superiorem
The king cannot have an equal, much less a superior.
Jus superveniens auctori accrescit successori
An additional or enhanced right for the possessor accrues to the successor.
Lex rejicit superlua, pugnantia, incongrua
The law rejects superfluous, contradictory, and incongruous things.
Natura non facit vacuum, nec lex supervacuum
Nature makes no vacuum, and the law nothing purposeless.
Nobilitas est duplex, superior et inferior
There are two sorts of nobility, the higher and the lower.
Non concedantur citationes priusquam exprimatur super qua re fieri decet citatio
Summonses should not be granted before it is expressed upon what ground a summons should be issued.
Pareto superiority
n. An economic situation in which an exchange can be made that benefits someone and injures no one. 9 When such an exchange can no longer be made, the situation becomes one of Pareto optimality. - Pareto-superior, adl pari causa, in. See IN PAHI CAI-SA.
Respondeat superior
Let the principal answer.
Sacrilegus omnium praedonum cupiditatem et scelerem superat
A sacrilegious person surpasses the greed and wickedness of all other robbers.
Super
[Latin] Above; over; higher.
Supercargo
Maritime law. A person specially employed and authorized by a cargo owner to sell cargo that has been shipped and to purchase returning cargo, at the best possible prices; the commercial or foreign agent of a merchant. "Supercargoes are persons employed by commercial companies or by private merchants to take charge of the cargoes they export to foreign countries, to sell them there to the best advantage, and to purchase proper commodities to relade the ships on their return home. They usually go out with the ships on board of which the goods are embarked, and return home with them, and in this they differ from factors who live abroad The supercargo is the agent of the owners, and disposes of the cargo and makes purchases under their general instructions on his own responsibility." 70 Am. Jur. 2d Shipping § 886, at 1025 (1987).
Superductio
[Latin] Roman law. The obliteration of part of a will or other document by writing on top of something erased within it.
Superfeudation
See SUPERINFEUDATION,
Superficies
n. [Latin "surface"] Roman & civil law. 1. The surface of the ground. 2. An improvement that stands on the surface of the ground, such as a building. 3. The right of a superficiarius.
Superficies solo cedit
The surface goes with the land.( That is, whatever is attached to the land forms part of it.
Superfund
1 The program that funds and administers the cleanup of hazardous-waste sites through a trust fund (financed by taxes on petroleum and chemicals and a new tax on corporations) created to pay for cleanup pending reimbursement from the liable parties. 2. The popular name for the act that established this program - the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA). See CERCLA.
Supericiarius
n. [Latin] Roman low. A person who had a hereditary and alienable right to a building on another's land subject to the payment of an annual rent.
Superinfeudation
Hist. The granting of one or more feuds out of a feudal estate. - Also termed superfeudation. Cf. SUBINFEUDATION. "Whatever may be the proper view of its origin and legal nature, the best mode of vividly picturing to ourselves the feudal organisation is to begin with the basis, to consider the relation of the tenant to the patch of soil which created and limited his services - and then to mount up, through narrowing circles of super-feudation, till we approximate to the apex of the system." Henry S. Maine, Ancient Law 88 (17th ed. 1901).
Superinstitution
Eccles. law. The institution of one person in an office that already has an incumbent, as when two individuals claim a benefice by adverse titles.
Superintendent
A person with the power to direct activities; a manager. superintending control See CONTROL
Superior
adj. (Of a rank, office, power, etc.) higher; elevated; possessing greater power or authority; entitled to exert authority or command over another < superior estate > < superior force > < superior agent>. - superior, n.
Superlien
A statutory lien that is superior to all existing liens and all later-filed liens on the same property. ( Superliens are sometimes granted to a state's environmental-protection agency. Several states - such as Arkansas, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Tennessee - have enacted statutes creating superliens on property owned by a party responsible for environmental cleanup. Supermajority See MAJORITY.
Superlua non nocent
Superfluities do no injury.
Supermqjority
A majority substantially greater than 50 percent. ( Such a majority is needed for certain extraordinary actions, such as ratifying a constitutional amendment or approving a fundamental corporate change. - Also termed extraordinary majority.
Supernumerarii
[Latin "persons above the number"] Roman law. Advocates who were unregistered and not attached to a particular bar; advocates who were in excess of the permitted number. Cf. STATUTI.
Superoneratio
[Law Latin] Hist. 1. The act or practice of surcharging a common. 2. The placement of more cattle on a common than is allowed; overstocking.
Superplusagium
n. [Law Latin] Hist. A surplus; a remainder.
Superpriority
Bankruptcy. The special priority status granted by the court to a creditor for extending credit to a debtor or trustee that cannot obtain unsecured credit from a willing lender. ( This priority may be either an administrative claim outranking other administrative claims or, if certain statutory requirements are met, a security interest in property. 11 USCA § 364(c)(1).
Supersede
vb 1 To annul, make void, or repeal by taking the place of <the 1996 statute supersedes the 1989 act>. 2. To invoke or make applicable the right of supersedeas against (an award of damages) <what is the amount of the bond necessary to supersede the judgment against her?>. - supersession (for sense 1), n.
Supersedeas
n. [Latin "you shall desist"] A writ or bond that suspends a judgment creditor's power to levy execution, usu. pending appeal. - Also termed writ of supersedeas. Pl. supersedeases (soopar-see-dee-as-iz).
Supervision
n. The act of managing, directing, or overseeing persons or projects. - supervise vb. - supervisory (soo-par-vl-za-ree), adj.
Supervisor
n 1 One having authority over others; a manager or overseer. ( Under the National Labor Relations Act, a supervisor is any individual having authority to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, discipline, and handle grievances of other employees, by exercising independent judgment. 2. The chief administrative officer of a town or county. - supervisorial (soo-par-vi-zor-ee-al), adj.
Verba quae aliquid operari possunt non debent esse superflua
Words that can have some effect ought not to be (treated as) superfluous.
active supervision.
Antitrust. Under the test for determining whether a private entity may claim a state-action exemption from the antitrust laws, the right of the state to review the entity's anticompetitive acts and to disapprove those acts that do not promote state policy. See STATE-ACTION DOCTRINE; MIDCAL TEST."The active supervision requirement stems from the recognition that where a private party is engaging in the anticompetitive activity, there is a real danger that he is acting to further his own interests, rather than the governmental interests of the State. The requirement is designed to ensure that the state-action doctrine will shelter only the particular anticompetitive acts that, in the judgment of the State, actually further state regulatory policies. To accomplish this purpose, the active supervision requirement mandates that the State exercise ultimate control over the challenged anticompetitive conduct." Patrick u. Burget, 486 U.S. 94, 100-01, 108 S.Ct. 1658, 1663 (1988).
breve de transgressione super casum
See TRESPASS ON THE CASE.
county supervisor
See county commissioner under COMMISSIONER.
courtesy supervision
Oversight of a parolee by a correctional agency located in a jurisdiction other than where the parolee was sentenced. ( Courtesy supervision is usu. arranged informally between correctional authorities in cases in which the offense is not serious and the rehabilitative needs of the parolee are better served in another jurisdiction.
de superoneratione pasturae
n. [Law Latin "of surcharge of pasture"] Hist. A judicial writ against a person who was initially brought into county court for putting too many cattle on pasture, and later was impleaded in the same court on the same charge, and the cause was removed to the superior court at Westminster.
doctrine of superior equities
Insurance. A rule by which an insurer is unable to recover from anyone whose equities are equal or superior to the insured's; esp., a rule that a right of subrogation may be invoked against another party only if that party's guilty conduct renders the party's equity inferior to that of the insured.
et de hoc ponit se super patriam
[Latin] Hist. And of this he puts himself upon the country. ( This was the formal conclusion of a common-law plea in bar by way of traverse.
ponit se super patriam
[Latin "he puts himself upon the country"] Hist. A defendant's plea of not guilty in a criminal action. -Abbr. po. se. See GOING TO THE COUNTRY; PATRIA (3).
potential Pareto superiority
See WEALTH MAXIMIZATION.
respondeat superior
[Law Latin "let the superior make answer"] Torts. The doctrine holding an employer or principal liable for the employee's or agent's wrongful acts committed within the scope of-the employment or agency. - Also termed master-servant rule. See SCOPE OF EMPLOYMENT.
super altum mare
[Latin] On the high sea.